??(leadership)???

1
??(leadership)???

• ????????????????

2
??????????1

• ???????????????????,????????????????????????,?????
  ???,?????????????
• ?????????????????,??????????????
• ?????????????????,?????????????,????????????????,?
  ????????

3
??????????2
??? ???
?? ??
?? ??
?? ??
?????? ??????
????(what)???(why) ????(how)???(time)
?? ??
???? ????
????? ?????
W G Bennis
4
??????(trait theories of leadership)

• ??
• ?????????????????????,?????????????
• ??????
• ?????????
• ?????
• ?????
• ???
• ??
• ???????

5
???????

• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????,???????????,???????????????
• ?????????????,????????????????????

6
??????(behavioral theories of leadership)

• ??
• ?????????????????????????
• ????
• ????????
• Ohio State Studies
• University of Michigan Studies
• The Managerial Grid

7
????????????

• ???????????
• ???????????????
• ??????
• ?????????????

8
???????(Tannebaum Schmidt)

• ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
• ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???, ????
• ??? ???? ??,? ???? ???? ????
• ???? ???? ,??? ???? ????
• ???? ?? ???

????? ???
????? ???
???????
??????
9
????????????

• ??????????(???????????????)
• ???????(???????)
• ??????(?????)
• ??????????????????????,???????????????????,???????
  ?????

10
???????????1

• ????(1800??9???????)
• ????(initiating structure)
• ??????????????,????????????????????,??????????????
  ?????????
• ??(consideration)
• ????????????????????????????????

11
???????????2
? ? ? ?????? ???????????,????????????? ?????? ???????????,??????????????
? ? ? ?????? ???????????????,????????????? ?????? ???????????,????????????
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
12
???????????3

• ??
• ?????????????,???????????????????
• ??
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????

13
????????1

• ??
• ????????????????
• ????
• ????(employee-oriented)
• ???????????????,????????????,????????????
• ????(production-oriented)
• ????????????????????????,?????????????,???????????
  ??????

14
???????????

• ??????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????

15
????(Robert Blake and Jane Srygley Mouton)

• 9 1 , 9 9 ,
  9
• ???????
  ?????
• 8 ????????????
  ????????????,
• ?????,??????
  ?????????????,
• 7 ???????????
  
  ?????????????
• 6
• 5 , 5
  
  
• 5
  ??????
  
• 
  ????????????
• 4 ?????,??????
• 
  ?????????
• 3
• 1 , 1
  9 , 1
• 2 ?????
  ???????
• ????????????
  ?????????????
• 1 ??????????
  ???,?????????

16
Scandinavian Studies

• ??
• ????????????,??????(development-oriented)?????????
  ?
• ????????????,?????,????????????
• ??
• ????????????,???????,???????????

17
????(Contingency Theories)

• ????
• ?????????????????????
• ????
• ???????(Fiedler contingency model)
• ??????(cognitive resource theory)
• ????????????(Hersey Blanchards Situational
  Leadership Theory, SLT)
• ?????????(leader-member exchange theory,LMX)
• ??????(path-goal theory)
• ???????(leader-participation model)

18
???????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????

19
???????(?)

• ???????????????(least preferred co-worker
  questionnaire,LPC)
• ????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????

20
???????(?)

• ?????????
• ?????????(leader-member relationship)
• ??????????,??????????
• ????(task structure)
• ??????????,?????????????
• ????(position power)
• ?????????????????????????

21
Findings of the Feidler Model
Good
Relationship-Oriented
Task-Oriented
Performance
Poor
Favorable
Moderate
Unfavorable
22
???????(?)

• ?????????????????????????
• ??????????
• ??????????(??????????????????)
• ??
• LPC???????????????
• ???,???????????????????????????????

23
??????(Fred Fiedler Joe Garcia)

• ??
• ??????????????????,???????????????????,???????????
  ???????????????????????????????,????????????,?????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?

24
??????(?)

• ????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??
• ????????????????,???????,????????????????
• ?????????,??????????????
• ??????????????,?????????????????

25
??????(Situational Leadership Theory, SLT)

• Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard
• ??????????(followers)????(maturity)???????????????
  ??????????????????????,????????????????,??????????
  ?,??????????????,??????????????????????,?????????
  ?????????????????????

26
??????(?) ????

• ???(telling,???-???)
• ??????????,????????,????????????????????(directive
  behavior)?
• ???(selling,???-???)
• ???????????,???????(supportive behavior)?
• ???(participating,???-???)
• ?????????????,???????????????????????
• ???(delegation,???-???)
• ????????????

27
??????(?) ????????

• ????(M1)
• ???????????????,????????????
• ??????(M2)
• ????????,????????????????????,????????????
• ??????(M3)
• ?????????????????????
• ?????(M4)
• ????????????????

28
??????(?)
?
???
???
????
???
???
?
?
????
M4
M3
M2
M1
29
????????

• ???????,?????????????????????,??????????,?????????
  ?????,???????????????????,???????????,???????????,
  ??????????????????
• ????????
• ?????????
• ??????
• ????????????
• ??????,????????????????????????????

30
?????????
?????? ??????? ????
???
Formal Relations
High Interactions
Trust
31
??????(Robert House)

• ????????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ?????
• ?????????????????????????,???????????,??????????

32
??????(?) ????

• ??????(directive leader)
• ????????????????????,????????????????,???????????
• ?????(supportive leader)
• ????,???????????,?????????
• ?????(participative leader)
• ????,?????????????
• ???????(achievement-oriented leader)
• ??????,?????????????
• ?????????,House???????????

33
The Path-Goal Theory

• ??????
• ????
• ??????
• ????

?????? ?? ??? ??? ????

• ??
• ????
• ?????

• ??????
• ???
• ??
• ???

34
??????(?) ??????

• ??????????????????,????????????????????
• ??????????????,??????????????????????????
• ??????????????,????????????
• ????????????,?????????????????,?????????
• ????????????,???????????????????
• ???????????,????????????????
• ???????????,????????????
• ?????????,??????????????,?????????????????

35
??????(?) ????

• ??????????????????????,??????????????????????
• ???????????,???????????????????,?????????????????,
  ????????,??????,????????????

36
??????? (Victor Vroom and Philip Yetton)
Employee Involvement Continuum
Increased Leader Control
Increased Employee Involvement
37
????????????????

• Importance of the decision
• Importance of subordinate commitment
• Whether leader has enough information
• The structural nature of the problem
• Acceptability of autocratic decisions
• Commitment of subordinates to the organization

38
????????????????

• Subordinates opinions about alternatives
• Knowledge level of subordinates
• Time constraints on involvement of subordinates
• Cost of arranging for subordinates to meet
• Time constraints on making a decision
• Importance of participation

39
????????
??
???? ???
???????

• Individual
• Experience/training
• Professionalism
• Indifference to rewards

• No effect
• Substitutes
• Neutralizes

• Substitutes
• Substitutes
• Neutralizes

• Job
• Highly structured task
• Provides own feedback
• Intrinsically satisfying

• Substitutes
• Substitutes
• No effect

• No effect
• No effect
• Substitutes

• Organization
• Explicit formal goals
• Rigid rules procedures
• Cohesive work groups

• No effect
• No effect
• Substitutes

• Substitutes
• Substitutes
• Substitutes

40
?????(neocharismatic theories)

• ?????(Charismatic leadership)
• ?????(transaction leadership)
• ?????(visionary leadership)

41
?????

• ????????,????????????,???????????????????????????,
  ????????????????????????,?????????????

42
????
????
?????? ???
?????
?????????
?????
43
??????????

• ??????????
• ???????????

44
??????????

• ?????????????????,?????????????,????????,?????????
  ?
• ?????????,??????????
• ??????????,?????????

45
????????

• ????????????????
• ??????????????

46
?????????

• ??????(transactional leaders)
• ?????????????????????,????????????????
• ??????(transformational leaders)
• ?????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????
  ?
• ???????????????,???????????????,??????????????????
  ??,??????????????,????????????????????,???????????
  ???????,??????????????????????????????,???????????
  

47
?????????

• ?????
• ????(???)
• ????(???)
• ????

48
?????????

• ????
• ??
• ??????
• ????

49
??????????

• ??????
• ??????
• ???????

50
??

• ?????
• ????????!?

51
?????

• ?????,?????????????????????????????????????,??????
  ????,???????,?????????,???????????????????????????
  ??

52
???????????
Visionary Leadership
???? ?????
???? ???
????? ????? ?????
53
??????????

• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????

54
???????

• ????
• ????
• ????
• ???
• ????

55
????

• ??????????????
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ?????????
• ??
• ??

56
????(?)

• ?????????
• ???????????
• ?????
• ?????
• ??

57
??(trust)

• ???????,???????????????????
• ??
• ??
• ????????

58
?????

• ??
• ??????????????????????
• ??
• ??????????????????
• ??
• ?????????????????????????
• ??
• ???????????????
• ??
• ??????????????

59
???????
??? ???
??? ???
??? ???
60
??

• ???????
• ???????????????
• ????????

61
?????????(deterrence based trust)

• ???????,?????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????????????,?????????

62
?????????(knowledge-based trust)

• ????????????,???????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????,?????

63
?????????(identification-based trust)

• ?????????????,???????????
• ????,?????