Title: Naming Inorganic Compounds
1Naming Inorganic Compounds
2Rule 1 Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3 Bound to
Non-Metals
- The metal will take its positive oxidation number
and the non-metal will have to take its negative
oxidation number. - Only one compound can be formed
3Rule 1 Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3 Bound to
Non-Metals
- Example 1 Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce
Na2O, what is the name of this compound - Since there is only one possible compound, we do
not have to indicate the number of elements - sodium oxide
4Rule 1 Rule 1 Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3
Bound to Non-Metals
- Example 2 What is the chemical formula for
aluminum oxide - First write the symbols of the elements
- Next write the oxidation number of each element
above that element - Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce
-2
3
2
5Comprehension Check
- What is the name of Mg3N2?
- magnesium nitride
- What is the name of Li2Se?
- lithium selenide
- What is the formula for indium chloride?
- InCl3
- What is the formula for barium phosphide?
- Ba3P2
6Rule 2 Transition Metals Bound to Non-Metals
- Transition metals may have more than one
oxidation number - The metal will take one of its positive oxidation
numbers and the non-metal will have to take its
negative oxidation number. - Since the metal has more than one possible
oxidation number, multiple compounds can be
formed - We need a distinct name for each
7Rule 2 Transition Metals Bound to Non-Metals
- Example 1 What is the name of IrBr6?
- First we need to determine how many electrons
that iridium needs to lose in order to satisfy 6
bromine atoms. - Each bromine needs one electron
- There is only one iridium in this compound
- Therefore, the iridium atom will have to supply
all six electrons, giving it a 6 oxidation
number. - iridium(VI) bromide
8Rule 2 Transition Metals Bound to Non-Metals
- Example 2 What is the formula for
- mercury (II) nitride?
- First write the symbols of the elements
- Next write the oxidation number of each element
above that element - Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce
-3
2
3
9Comprehension Check
- What is the name of RuN?
- ruthenium(III) nitride
- What is the name of MnO3
- manganese(VI) oxide
- What is the formula for paladium(IV) bromide?
- PdBr4
- What is the formula for molybdenum(V) sulfide?
- Mo2S5
10Rule 3 Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals
- Using prefixes
- The prefix mono- is only used on the second
element - Ex PF3 is named phosphorus trifluoride
- If two vowels are adjacent, leave them
- Ex NI3 is named nitrogen triiodide
- In the case of monoxide only, drop one o
11Rule 3 Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals
- Since nonmetals have more than one oxidation
number, there will always be more than one
compound produced - Therefore we have to have a distinct name for
each compound - To do this we use a prefix to indicate how many
atoms of each element are present
Five penta- Six hexa- Seven hepta- Eight
octa-
One mono- Two di- Three tri- Four tetra-
12Rule 3 Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals
- Ex 1 What is the name of P2S3?
- diphosphorus trisulfide
- Ex 2 What is the name of As7I3?
- heptaarsenic triiodide
- Ex 3 What is the chemical formula of dihydrogen
monoxide? - H2O
- Ex 4 What is the chemical formula of dinitrogen
pentaoxide? - N2O5
13Rule 4 Metals from Groups 1, 2, 3 Bound to
Polyatomic Ions
- Polyatomic Ions strongly bound group of atoms
that have either lost or gained electrons and
become charged. - List of common Polyatomic Ions are on the back of
your Periodic Table - Polyatomic ions act as a single atom, with a
single name - Subscripts within the ion cannot be changed
- Since there is only one oxidation number for the
metals and Polyatomic Ion, only one compound can
be produced.
14Rule 4 Metals with a single Oxidation Number
Bound to Polyatomic Ions
- Naming these compounds is just like rule 1,
except we do not add ide to the end of the
polyatomic ion
15Rule 4 Metals with a single Oxidation Number
Bound to Polyatomic Ions
- What is the name of Mg(NO3)2
- First, you should recognize that there are more
than two elements involved, which means that a
Polyatomic Ion is involved - Next, look up the Metal in the periodic table and
confirm that it has a single oxidation number - Look up the name of the Polyatomic Ion
- magnesium nitrate
16Rule 4 Metals with a single Oxidation Number
Bound to Polyatomic Ions
- What is the formula for calcium iodite?
- First, since the second name does not end in
ide, a polyatomic ion is involved. - Write the symbol for calcium and formula for
iodite. - Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and
the polyatomic ion - Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around
the polyatomic ion if necessary
-1
2
1
( )
17Comprehension Check
- What is the name of KHSO4?
- potassium hydrogen sulfate
- potassium bisulfate
- What is the name of In2(C2O4)3?
- indium oxalate
- What is the formula of strontium bromate?
- Sr(BrO3)2
- What is the formula for germanium phosphate?
- Ge3(PO4)4
18Rule 5 Transition Metals Bound to Polyatomic Ions
- When the metal has more than one possible
oxidation number, more than one compound can be
formed - We must use Roman Numerals to indicate which
oxidation number the metal is using
19Rule 5 Transition Metals Bound to Polyatomic Ions
- What is the name of RhMnO4?
- First, there are more than two elements involved
- Look up the oxidation and name of MnO4
- It could be permanganate (-1) or manganate (-2)
- Finally, figure out which oxidation number the
metal is using. - If this is permanganate, rhodium would have to
have a 1 oxidation number, this is not possible
for rhodium. - Therefore, this must be manganate, so rhodium
would have to take its 2 oxidation number - rhodium(II) manganate
20Rule 5 Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers
Bound to Polyatomic Ions
- What is the formula for nickel (II) ferrocyanide?
- First, since the second name does not end in
-ide, a polyatomic ion is involved - Write the symbol for nickel and formula for
ferrocyanide - Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and
the polyatomic ion - Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around
the polyatomic ion if necessary and reduce
-4
2
4
( )
2
21Comprehension Check
- What is the name of Cr(IO)3?
- chromium(III) hypoiodite
- What is the name of CuMnO4?
- copper(II) manganate or copper(I) permanganate
- What is the formula for palladium(IV)
ferricyanide? - Pd3(Fe(CN)6)4
- What is the formula for molybdenum(VI)
dichormate? - Mo(Cr2O7)3
22Rule 6 Binary Acids
- Acid any compound that is capable of giving up
a positive hydrogen ion (proton) - Strength of acid depends on how easily the
hydrogen ion is released - Anytime a compound starts with H, the compound is
typically an acid - Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are
noteworthy exceptions
23Rule 6 Binary Acids
- Ex 1 What is the name of HCl?
- Since the compound starts with H, it is probably
an acid. - Use the prefix hydro-, the suffix -ic, and the
word acid - hydrochloric acid
24Comprehension Check
- What is the name of HAt?
- hydroastatic acid
- What is the name of HBr?
- hydrobromic acid
- What is the formula for hydroiodic acid?
- HI
- What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid?
- HF
25Rule 7 Polyatomic Acids
- Identifying Polyatomic Acids
- Formula will start with H
- Has three or more elements
- Naming depends on the ending of the Polyatomic
ion - Ions ending in -ate or -ide
- Ions ending in -ite
-
-
26Rule 7 Polyatomic Acids
- Ex 1 What is the name of H3PO4?
- First, notice that since the compound starts with
H, we are dealing with an acid - Also, there are more than two elements we should
think polyatomic ion - Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion
- Since phosphate ends in -ate, change the suffix
to -ic and add the word acid. - phosphoric acid
27Rule 7 Polyatomic Acids
- Ex 2 What is the name of H3PO3?
- First, notice that since the compound starts with
H, we are dealing with an acid - Also, there are more than two elements we should
think polyatomic ion - Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion
- Since phosphite ends in -ite, change the suffix
to -ous and add the word acid. - phosphorous acid
28Rule 7 Polyatomic Acids
- Ex 3 What is the formula for aluminic acid?
- Since there is no hydro prefix, we know that this
must be a polyatomic acid. - Next, the -ic ending means that the ion must
really end in -ate - We must be looking of the aluminate ion
- Because this is an acid, hydrogen will be
involved - Write the symbols and oxidation numbers, switch
the oxidation numbers, and reduce.
1
3
-3
29Comprehension Check
- What is the formula for manganic acid?
- H2MnO4
- What is the formula for sulfurous acid?
- H2SO3
- What is the name of HNO2?
- nitrous acid
- What is the name of HNO3?
- nitric acid