Naming Chemical Compounds

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Naming Chemical Compounds

• ammonium chloride
• ferrous sulfate
• mercurous chloride
• sodium bicarbonate
• ferric oxide
• hydrofluoric acid
• potassium permanganate

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Lecture 1

• Naming Chemical Compounds
• Assignment 1

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Being Able to Name Compounds is SUPER Important!!!

• PLEASE!!! Learn to do this now

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First Step

• Learn the symbols and charges for the common
  inorganic elements
• The charge on some metals can be discerned by
  their group name
• All elements in Group 1A have a 1
  chargeexamplesLi, Na, K
• All elements in Group 2A have a 2
  chargeexamplesMg2, Ca2, Ba2

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Some Metals Have More than One Common Oxidation
State

• Ironferrous, Fe2ferric, Fe3
• Coppercuprous, Cucupric, Cu2
• Mercurymercurous, Hg22mercuric, Hg2

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Naming Cations - Endings

• -ous lower oxidation state
• -ic higher oxidation state
• NB -ous, -ic do NOT signal a specific numerical
  value of a cations charge

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Ammonia vs. Ammonium

• Ammonia, NH3, is a compoundCompounds are neutral
• Ammonium, NH4, is a cation

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Anions - Require Some Effort to Learn

• Sulfate, SO42-
• Nitrate, NO3-
• Phosphate, PO43-
• Acetate, C2H3O2-
• Oxalate, C2O42-
• Chromate, CrO42-
• Dichromate, Cr2O72-

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More Anions

• Iodate, IO3-
• Permanganate, MnO4-
• Thiocyanate, SCN-
• Hydroxide, OH-
• Nitrite, NO2-
• Carbonate, CO32-
• Sulfite, SO32-

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Naming Complex Anions

• Nitrite, NO2-
• Nitrate, NO3-

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Naming Common Anions

• Sulfide, S2-
• Sulfite, SO32-
• Sulfate, SO42-

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Naming Common Anions

• Chloride, Cl-
• Chlorate, ClO3-
• Perchlorate, ClO4-

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Naming Common Anions

• Chromate, CrO42-
• Dichromate, Cr2O72-

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Naming Common Anions

• Iodide, I-
• Iodate, IO3-

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Naming Common Anions

• Bicarbonate, HCO3-
• Acetate, C2H3O2- (CH3CO2-)
• Oxalate, C2O42-

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Naming Chemical Compounds

• Cation usually goes first Cationa Anionbexcept
  when this ordering implies incorrect bonding
  arrangement (e.g., organic compounds)
• ompound must be neutral (have no net charge)
• so sum of cation and anion charges zero

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Doe-See-Doe Rule

• Cationb Aniona gt Compound
• (CationaAnionb)
• when a and b are gt1, use lowest common
  denominator

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Naming Acids

• Definition proton donor (Bronsted-Lowry)
• HA H A-
• hydrochloric acid HCl
• perchloric acid HClO4
• nitric acid HNO3
• sulfuric acid H2SO4

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Organic Acids

• RCOOH RCOO- H
• carboxylic acids
• formic acid HCOOH
• acetic acid HC2H3O2 (H3CCOOH)
• oxalic acid H2C2O4 (HOOCCOOH)

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Bottom Line Naming Compounds

• Takes effort!
• There are no short cuts - bite the bullet and
  memorize common anions and cations and practice,
  practice, practice
• Make flash cards and quiz yourself
• Use Webquizzer