Human Anatomy

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Human Anatomy

• The Urinary System

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Functions

• Regulates blood concentrations of sodium,
  potassium, chloride and calcium
• Regulates blood volume and blood pressure
• Production of urine (urea and uric acid)
• Reabsorb important nutrients from urine

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Overview

• 4 components
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra

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Anatomy

• Four components
• Kidneys
• Left more
• superior why?

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Anatomy

• Ureters
• Connects kidney to urinary bladder

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Anatomy

• Urinary bladder
• Stores urine

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Anatomy

• Urethra
• Drains urine from
• bladder

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Anatomy of the Kidney

• Comprised of two regions
• Cortex outer region
• Medulla inner region
• Medulla segmented into functional units called
  pyramids

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Cortex of the Kidney
Cortex outer region
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Medulla of the Kidney
Medulla inner region
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Medulla and Pyramids
Medulla divided into pyramids
Tip of pyramid like top of salt shaker
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Medulla
pyramid
.
.
.
Minor calyx
urine
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Minor Calyx
One minor calyx per pyramid Minor calyx is
hollow funnel that collects urine from pyramid
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Major Calyx
Fusion of several minor calyses
Usually 2-3 major calyses per kidney
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Renal Pelvis
Fusion of major calyses
Opening to the ureter
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Human Kidney
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Intravenous Pyelogram (p. 834)
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The Nephron

• Basic structural and functional unit of kidney

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The Nephron

• Filtration of blood
• Production of urine
• 1.25 million/kidney
• 85 miles of tubes/kidney

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The Nephron
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Components of Nephron

1. Glomerulus a knot of capillaries
2. Glomerular (Bowmans) capsule a hollow chamber
   surrounding the glomerulus
3. Renal corpuscle 1 2
4. Proximal convoluted tubule
5. Loop of Henle
6. Distal convoluted tubule

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The Nephron
Epithelia filter the urine
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Glomerulus
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Glomerulus and Capsule
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule
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Loop of Henle
Only portion found in medulla
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Distal Convoluted Tubule
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Collecting Duct
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Collecting Duct

• Not part of nephron
• Collects urine from distal convoluted tubules of
  many nephrons
• Opens at tip of pyramid
• Urine drains into minor calyx

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Collecting Duct
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Ureter

• Drains urine from kidney to urinary bladder

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Urinary Bladder -- Male
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Urinary Bladder -- Female
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Urinary Bladder -- Female
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Urinary Bladder
ureter opens into posterior wall of bladder
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Urethra