Alcohol, Tobacco,

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Alcohol, Tobacco, DrugsCh 13- Alcohol A
Dangerous Drug

• Essential Question How does alcohol affect the
  body?

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Alcohol Facts

• Its an illegal drug for ANYONE under the age of
  21
• Anyone under the legal drinking age (21) who
  drinks is violating the LAW! And runs the RISK
  of
• being arrested
• being fined
• acquiring a criminal record
• It is the most misunderstood drug
• Over half the violent crimes is U.S. involve
  alcohol

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FACT

• Alcohol is a Depressant and directly effects the
  Central Nervous System.

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The Path of Alcohol in the Body

• Mouth alcohol enters the body.
• Stomach some alcohol gets into the bloodstream
  in the stomach, but most goes on to the small
  intestine.
• Small Intestine alcohol enters the bloodstream
  through the walls of the small intestine.
• Heart pumps alcohol throughout the body.
• Brain alcohol reaches the brain.
• 6. Liver alcohol is oxidized by the liver at a
  rate of about 0.2 oz per hour. Alcohol is
  converted into water, carbon dioxide and energy.

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Blood Alcohol Level (BAL)

• Its a way to measure the level of alcohol in a
  persons body
• Can be influenced by
• gender
• body weight
• amount of food in stomach
• rate of drinking
• Under 21, considered legally intoxicated in most
  states at BAL of .02
• Adults, considered legally intoxicated in most
  states at BAL of .10
• One standard drink interferes with persons
• judgment
• reflexes
• vision

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Standard Drinking Size
1.25 oz of Liquor
10 oz Wine Cooler
6 oz of Wine
12 oz of Beer
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Alcohol content

• Beers - 2-6 (some specialty beers stronger-
  malt liquors similar to beer, but higher alcohol
  content)
• Table wines 10-15
• Hard liquors - 40-55
• Proof (also referred to as its strength) is
  twice the alcohol content
• Example whiskey may be 50 alcohol- its 100
  proof!

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Alcohol content- Why its Important to Know.

• The higher the proof, the faster a person becomes
  intoxicated.
• Alcohol contains calories so.. As proof
  increases, so does calorie content!

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How the Effects Differ by Sex

• 2 Major factors involved in intoxication
• 1- body weight
• 2- body fat
• Females Become intoxicated more easily
• than males
• Have a higher fat-to-tissue ratio
• In general, hormone levels influence alcohol
  metabolism Therefore, alcohol tolerance varies
  during menstrual cycles
• Some evidence that birth control pills reduces
  alcohol tolerance
• Males stomach usually oxidizes alcohol more
  efficiently, so less alcohol passes into blood
  stream

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Short-term Effects

• Impaired judgments, vision, balance, coordination
• Alcohol poisoning, blackouts, coma or death
• Change in behavior, emotions
• Painful hangover symptoms stomach pains,
  vomiting, and diarrhea

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Long-term Effects

• Diseases of the Liver
• Hepatitis an inflammation or infections of the
  liver
• that can cause
• fever
• yellowing of the skin
• weakness
• sometimes death
• Cirrhosis a disease caused by alcohol abuse
• Liver cells are permanently replaced by useless
  scar tissue
• Liver can no longer metabolize food properly so a
  result is digestive problems

Cirrhosis of the Liver
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More Long Term Effects

• Damage to heart muscle
• Increases risk of heart disease
• Womans risk for breast cancer increases
• Lower ones white blood cell count- harder time
  fighting off infections
• Kills brain cells- leads to irreversible memory
  damage
• Increases chance of liver, esophagus, pharynx,
  and larynx cancer

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Binge Drinking

• Binge drinking drinking large amounts of
  alcohol quickly
• 5 or more drinks in a row for boys
• 4 or more in a row for girls.
• People under 21 still get alcohol easily with one
  goal - to get drunk- typically by play drinking
  games
• Often begins around age 13, tends to increase
  during adolescence, peaks in young adulthood
  (ages 18 to 22), then gradually decreases
• .4 enough to put one in a coma/ verge of death

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What Happens to Your Body When You Get Alcohol
Poisoning?

• It is common for someone who drinks excessive
  amounts of alcohol to vomit since alcohol is an
  irritant to the stomach. There is then the danger
  of choking on vomit.
• Alcohol depresses nerves that control involuntary
  actions such as breathing and the gag reflex
  (which prevents choking). A fatal dose of alcohol
  will eventually stop these functions.
• The mixture of alcohol and marijuana are a deadly
  combination. Once someones body begins to
  reject the alcohol, the persons natural reaction
  is to vomit. Marijuana inhibits the bodys
  reaction to the alcohol, keeping a person from
  being able to vomit.

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What Happens to Your Body When You Get Alcohol
Poisoning?

• A person's blood alcohol level (BAL) can continue
  to rise even while he or she is passed out.
• Even after a person stops drinking, alcohol in
  the stomach and intestine continues to enter the
  bloodstream and circulate throughout the body.
• Dangerous to assume the person will be fine by
  sleeping it off.

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Signs/Symptoms/Consequences
ALCOHOL POISONING

• Confusion, coma, or person cannot be aroused.
  (Unconscious or semi-consciousness)
• Slow breathing (fewer than eight breaths per
  minute)
• Irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between
  breaths)
• Hypothermia (low body temperature), pale or
  bluish skin color, paleness
• Vomiting, and choking on vomit
• Seizures
• Strong odor of alcohol
• permanent brain damage, or death

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What Should I Do If I Suspect Someone Has Alcohol
Poisoning?
Appropriate Action

• Do not wait for all symptoms to be present.
• Be aware that a person who has passed out may die
  and could be suffering from alcohol poisoning
• Any suspicion of an alcohol overdose, call 911
  for help.
• Don't try to guess the level of drunkenness.

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THE HANG OVER

• Alcohol robs your brain cells of water and
  glucose (the brain's food), which is why you
  experience hangover symptoms such as headache,
  dehydration, and the shakes the day after a night
  of heavy drinking.
• Though there are lots of so-called "hangover
  cures," the only real cure is time. The best
  thing to do the day after heavy drinking is down
  lots of water and try to rest if possible.

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Alcoholism

• What are the three stages of Alcoholism?
• Abuse Someone who cannot drink alcohol in
  moderation or at appropriate times.
• Dependence Someone who is psychologically
  dependent on alcohol. They feel the constant
  desire and need for alcohol.
• Addiction Someone who is both psychologically
  and physically dependent on alcohol. Alcohol is
  their number one priority and they suffer from
  withdrawal symptoms if they do not get their
  regular fix.

The state of being psychologically and physically
addicted to alcohol
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Signs of Alcohol Abuse

• Frequent absences
• Unexplained bruises or accidents
• Irritability
• Loss of memory (blackouts)
• Changes in peer-group associations friendships
• Damaged relationships with family members or
  close friends

• Odor on breath
• Intoxication
• Difficulty focusing, glazed eyes
• Uncharacteristically passive or aggressive
  behavior
• Decline in personal appearance/hygiene
• Decline in school/work performance

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Risk Factors

• You cannot control
• Genes
• Environment

• You can control
• Drinking before age 21
• Associating with people who drink
• Bending to peer pressure
• Drinking beyond moderation
• Drinking at inappropriate times
• Drinking alone

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• A highly variable group of birth defects
  including mental retardation, deficient growth,
  central nervous system dysfunction, and
  malformations of the skull and face that tend to
  occur in the offspring of women who consume large
  amounts of alcohol during pregnancy
• No one knows exactly how much alcohol must reach
  the unborn child to cause such deformities.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome The Innocent
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Alcoholism

• Not only affects the person involved but it also
  has huge affects on family members.
• Mental, physical and emotional abuse are all
  types of abusive behaviors that are typically
  suffered by family members of an alcoholic.
• It is not uncommon for an alcoholic to resume
  drinking especially in response to a traumatic
  event such as a death of a loved one or loss of a
  job.

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Recovery from Alcoholism

• Withdrawal
• Process of discontinuing a drug to which the body
  has become addicted
• Suffer from extreme nervousness, headaches,
  tremors, or seizures.
• Usually last a few days
• Sometimes alcoholic needs medical supervision

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Recovery from Alcoholism

• There is hope for alcoholics as there are many
  options available
• Inpatient and outpatient programs both provide
  therapy
• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• 12 steps is their recovery method
• Programs designed to help family members of
  alcoholics
• Al-Anon
• Help family members talk about problems of living
  with an alcoholic
• Alateen
• Specifically help teenagers with same situation
• S.A.D.D.
• Students Against Destructive Decisions, formerly
  Students Against Driving Drunk

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Alcoholism

• Where can you find help?
• The Phone Book
• Online at www.alcoholics-anonymous.org
• Local Church
• Hospitals

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