Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Drugs

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Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Drugs
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True or False

• Alcohol has the same chemical and physical
  effects on everyone who drinks.
• Someone who doesnt act drunk isnt drunk.
• When a person in intoxicated, coffee, a cold
  shower, or fresh air will sober him or her up.
• Alcohol impairs judgment and social behaviors.

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True or False

• People can get into serious health, legal, and
  social problems anytime they use alcohol.
• Drinking alcohol on weekends or once in a while
  is not harmful .
• No amounts of alcohol is safe for a pregnant
  woman to drink.
• Binge drinking has no long-term effects.

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Tobacco Use

• Nicotine is a substance that causes
  physiological or psychological dependence.
• All tobacco products contain nicotine.
• Nicotine is a stimulant.
• Stimulant is a drug that increases the action of
  the central nervous system, the heart, and other
  organs.
• Nicotine raises blood pressure, increases heart
  rate, and contributes to heart tobacco to satisfy
  the craving for nicotine.

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Cigarette Smoke

• Not only is tobacco addictive, but the smoke
  from burning tobacco is toxic.
• In 1992 the Environmental Act Protection Agency
  classified tobacco smoke, or second hand smoke as
  a GROUP A carcinogen.
• A carcinogen is a cancer-causing substance.
• Cigarette smoke also contains tar, a thick,
  sticky, dark filled fluid produced when tobacco
  burns.
• This tar penetrates the smokers respiratory
  system, it destroys cilia which are tiny hair
  like structures that line the upper airways and
  protect against infection.
• Lungs damaged by smoking are more susceptible to
  diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia,
  emphysema, and cancer.

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Effects of Pipes and Cigars

• Cigars contain significant more nicotine and
  produce more tar and carbon monoxide than
  cigarettes do.
• One cigar can contain as much nicotine as a pack
  of cigarettes.
• Pipe and cigars smokers have in creased risk of
  developing cancers of the lip, mouth, and throat.
  

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Harmful Effects of Smokeless Tobacco

• Smokeless tobacco is tobacco that is sniffed
  through the nose, held in the mouth or chewed.
• These products are NOT a safe alternative to
  smoking.
• Smokeless tobacco contains the same amount of
  nicotine in addition to 28 other carcinogens, all
  of which are absorbed into the blood through the
  mucous membrane or the digestive tract.
• If you dip 8 times in a day its like smoking two
  packs of cigarettes.
• Smoking tobacco is as addictive as smoke tobacco.

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Tobacco affect the body

• Short-Term Effects of Tobacco use.
• Changes in brain Chemistry- Because it is very
  addictive, the user may experience withdrawal
  symptoms such as headaches, nervousness, and
  trembling as soon as 30 minutes after his or her
  last tobacco use
• Increases respiration and heart rate- Breathing
  during PA becomes more difficult, nicotine may
  cause an irregular heart rate.
• Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite.
• Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes, and skin.

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Tobacco affect the body

• Long Term Effects of Tobacco use.
• Chronic bronchitis- Repeated tobacco use can
  damage the cilia in the bronchi until they no
  longer function. Leads to a buildup of tar in
  the lungs causing chronic coughing and excessive
  mucus secretion
• Emphysema- Disease that destroys the tiny sir
  sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less
  elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs
  to absorb oxygen.
• Lung Cancer-When the cilia in the bronchi are
  destroyed extra mucus cannot be expelled.
  Cancerous cells can grow in these conditions.
• Coronary heart disease and stroke- Nicotine
  constricts blood vessels, which cuts down on
  circulation, or blood flow. Nicotine also
  contributes to the plaque buildup in the blood
  vessels, which can lead to hardened arteries, a
  condition called Arteriosclerosis.

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Reduced Tobacco Use Among Teens

• Antismoking Campaigns- In 1998 tobacco companies
  and 46 states reached a legal settlement that
  restricted tobacco advertising and promotion.
  Tobacco companies are now required to fund ads
  that discourage young people from smoking
• Financial cost- Tobacco is very expensive.
• Societal pressure-Legislative acts have limited
  smoking in public places.
• Family influence- Teen avoid tobacco use because
  their parents strongly disapprove.

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Reasons to Give Up Tobacco Use

• They begin to have health problems, such as
  asthma or respiratory infections
• They have the desire, will, and commitment to
  stop.
• They realize how expensive the habit is
• They realize that using tobacco can lead to
  other risky behaviors, such as the use of alcohol
  and other drugs
• They find it difficult to purchase tobacco
  products b/c selling tobacco products to persons
  under the age of 18 is illegal in all 50 states
• They realize the damage effects of secondhand
  smoke and dont want to harm their families and
  friends,

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Stopping the Addiction

• Millions of people have succeeded in their
  effort to quit tobacco use.
• Most people who stop using tobacco will
  experience symptoms of nicotine withdraw, the
  process that occurs in the body when nicotine, an
  additive drug, is no longer used.
• Nicotine substitute a product that delivers
  small amounts of nicotine into the users system
• Substitutes includes gum (over the counter),
  patches, nasal strays, and inhalers (doctor
  perscription.

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Getting Help

• Prepare for the day
• Get support and encouragement
• Replace tobacco with healthier alternative
• Change daily behavior
• Engage in healthful behaviors

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Risks for smokers and nonsmokers

• Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or second hard
  smoke is air that has been contaminated by
  tobacco smoke.
• Second hand smoke is composed of mainstream
  smoke and sidestream smoke.
• Mainstream smoke-the smoke exhaled from the
  lungs of a smoker
• Sidestream smoke-the smoke from the burning end
  of a cigarette, pipe, cigar.
• Which smoke is worse and why?

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The Facts about alcohol

• Alcohol is ethanol which is the type of alcohol
  in alcoholic beverages. Ethanol is a powerful
  and addictive drug.
• Ethanol can be produced synthetically or
  naturally through the fermentation of fruits,
  vegetables, and grains.
• Fermentation is the chemical action of yeast on
  sugars.
• Water flavoring, mineral are mixed with ethanol
  to produce a variety of beverages such as beer,
  wine, and liquors.

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Effects of Alcohol

• Alcohol is a depressant- a drug that slows the
  central nervous system.
• Alcohol quickly affects a persons motor skills
  by slowing reaction time and impairing vision.
• Clear thinking and good judgment also diminish.
• Intoxication is the state in which the body is
  poisoned by alcohol or another substance and the
  persons physical and mental control is
  significantly reduced.

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Factors that influence Alcohol use

• Peer Pressure
• Family
• Media Messages
• Advertising Technique

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Alcohol and life Situations

• Alcohol and the law
• If you are under 21 it is illegal to buy, posse,
  or consume alcohol
• Alcohol, Violence, and Sexual Activity
• Teens can protect their health by avoiding
  situations where alcohol is present. Teens who
  drink alcohol are more likely to be victims of a
  violent crime such as rape, aggravated assault or
  even robbery.
• Alcohol Abuse-excessive use of alcohol.

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Being Alcohol Free

• Maintain a healthy body
• Make responsible decisions
• Avoid risky behaviors
• Avoid illegal activities
• By refusing alcohol its always better to be
  prepared for it. When your in the situation of
  refusal you must be assertive.

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Short term effects of drinking

• Body size and gender- a small person feels the
  effect of the same amount of alcohol faster than
  a large person does.
• Food- Food in the stomach slows down the passage
  of alcohol into the bloodstream
• Amount and rate of intake- As the amount of
  alcohol consumed increases the level of alcohol
  in the bloodstream also rises. When a person
  drinks alcohol faster then the liver can break it
  down, intoxication happens.

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Driving under the influence

• Drinking alcohol impairs vision, reaction time,
  and coordination.
• Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) or Driving Under
  the Influence (DUI) is the leading cause of death
  among teens.
• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the amount
  of alcohol in a persons blood, expressed as a
  percentage. NYS BAC is .08.

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Consequences of DWI

• harm to the driver and others
• severely restrict driving privileges and/or
  immediate confiscation of a drivers license
• alcohol related injuries, property damage, and
  even death
• living with regret and remorse from these
  consequences.
• loss of parental trust and respect
• arrest, jail time, court appearance, and heavy
  fine or bail
• a police record and possible lawsuits
• higher insurance rates- up to three times higher
  than those for nondrinking peers

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Alcohol

• Binge drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at
  one sitting, is a serious problem among young
  people.
• Alcohol Poisoning- is a severe and potentially
  fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose.
• Effects of Alcohol Poisoning-
• mental confusion, stupor, coma, vomiting, and
  seizure.
• slow respiration 10 seconds between breaths or
  fewer than 8 breaths a minute
• irregular heartbeat
• hypothermia or low body temperature.
• severe dehydration from vomiting

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Long Term Effect of Alcohol

• Changes to the brain
• Addiction
• Loss of brain function
• Brain Damage
• Cardiovascular Changes
• Heart
• Enlarge heart
• High blood pressure
• Liver Problems
• Fatty liver
• Alcoholic hepatitis- inflammation of the liver
• Digestive System Problems
• Irritation
• Pancreas Problems

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Alcohol and Pregnancy

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
• The baby may be born with a small head and
  deformities of the face, hands, or feet. Heart,
  liver, kidneys, defects, as well as vision and
  hearing problems, are common.
• The baby could experience slow growth, and
  coordination and have difficulties with learning,
  attention, memory, and problem solving.

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Alcoholism

• Alcoholism is a disease in which a person has a
  physical or physiological dependence on drinks
  that contain alcohol.
• Alcoholism is characterized by an impaired
  ability to study, work, or socialize normally.
• Alcoholic is a person who is addicted to
  alcoholic, who is dependent on the alcohol.
• displays harmful behavior to themselves or
  someone one, such a a violent or aggressive
  behavior
• Others may become quiet and withdrawn
• cravings
• Loss of control
• Physical dependence
• Tolerance
• Health, family, and legal problems

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Stages of Alcoholism

• Stage 1 Abuse
• It all begins with social drinking in an attempt
  to relax.
• Stage 2 Dependence
• The person reaches a point where he or she
  cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent
  on the drug.
• Stage 3 Addiction
• Final stage drinking is the most important thing
  in a persons life.

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Treatment for Alcohol Abuse

• Recovery- Process of learning to live an
  alcohol free life.
• 2/3rds of all alcoholics who try to recover do
  so with proper treatment.
• What kind?
• Sobriety- living without alcohol is a lifelong
  commitment.

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Substance Abuse

• Substance abuse is any unnecessary or improper
  use of chemical substances for nonmedical
  purpose.
• Illness drugs are chemical substances that
  people of any age may not lawfully manufacture,
  possess, buy, or sell.

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Factors that Influence decisions about drugs

• Peer Pressure- is the control and urging of
  friends or social groups to take a particular
  action.
• Family Member- can help teen resist drugs,
  Parents
• Role Models- are people you admire and want to
  imitate. Teens who look up to coaches, athletes
• Media Messages can influence your impression of
  drug use. Could be misleading about the harmful
  effects of drugs.

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Health Risks of Drug Use

• Physical Health- Once a drug enters the
  bloodstream, it can harm a users brain, heart,
  lungs, and other vital organs.
• Mental Health- People who experiments with drugs
  often lose sight of their values.
• Social Health- Even people who are just
  experimenting with drugs do and say things they
  later regret.
• Overdose is a strong, sometimes fatal reaction
  to taking a large amount of a drug.

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The Addiction Cycle

• Tolerance- The body of the substance abuser
  needs more and more of the drug to get the same
  effect.
• Psychological dependence- A condition in which a
  person believes that a drug is needed in order to
  feel good or to function normally.
• Physiological dependence- A person who
  experiences the sever effects of withdrawal when
  he or she stops taking the drug.
• Addiction- a physiological or psychological
  depending on a drug.

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Other Consequences of Drug

• To the individual- effects that person health
• Legal- Teens possessing, using, manufacturing or
  selling drugs use.
• For family and Friends- When a person decides to
  use everyone is involved.
• For the Babies and Children- Substances abuse
  can cause considerable harm to developing
  fetuses, infants, and children of drug users.
• Cost to Society- One of the biggest burdens
  placed on society is a rise in drug related crime
  and violent because the use of drugs decreases
  inhibitions, increases aggressiveness, and clouds
  judgment.

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Marijuana

• Is the common name for the Indian hemp plant
  Cannabis, which is a plant whose leaves, buds,
  and flowers are smoked for their intoxicating
  effects.
• It is one of the most widely used illegal drugs.
• Nicknames include weed, grass, or pot.
• Hashish or hash is a more stronger from of
  marijuana.

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Marijuana and Addiction

• Marijuana raises levels of a brain chemical
  called dopamine
• This chemical produces a pleasurable feeling.
• The Drug triggers the release of so much
  dopamine that a feeling of intense well-being.
• When the drug wears off however the pleasure
  sensation strips often dramatically.
• This abrupt letdown is called a crash.

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Marijuana

• Paranoia- an irrational suspiciousness or
  distrust of others.
• For teens marijuana poses physical risks to the
  reproductive organs.
• In males, regular use interferes with sperm
  production and lowers levels of testosterone.
  Which means voice might not change, body hair
  will not go.
• In woman, the opposite occurs an increase of
  testosterone such as unwanted facial hair and can
  lead to infertility.

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Inhalant

• Are substances whose fumes are sniffed and
  inhaled to achieve a mind-altering effect.
• Most inhalants go immediately to the brain,
  causing damage and actually killing brain cells
  that will never be replaced.
• Includes glues, spray paints, gasoline, nitrates
  and nitrous oxides.
• All inhalants are very dangerous, and are
  labeled as poisonous
• These substances were never designed to be taken
  into the body and case permanent nervous system
  and brain damage

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Resisting Pressure to Use Drugs

• Peer pressure can be intense during the teen
  years.
• Everyone is doing it, but the fact is that
  illegal drugs never become a part of most teens
  lives.
• 58 of teens of high school students have never
  tried Marijuana and 90 of students have never
  tried Cocaine.
• So the claim that Everyone is doing it is
  simply not true.
• Make a commitment to be drug free
• Refusal Skills