Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State

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CHAPTER 10 LAUNCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE

• Constructed by Mr. Freccia Ms. Silivongxay

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DIRECTIONS
Take Cornell notes. Make 15 questions over notes.
Remember to condense information down otherwise
you will not be able to keep up. Make sure you
take notes over the embedded videos. Dont forget
to do the summary at the end of your notes. Make
sure you read the full notes for chapter 10.Turn
this end tomorrow!
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GROWING PAINS
After 12 years of government-disabling, now
America had to begin nation-building. During the
Revolutionary time period though, a strong
distrust of government had been instilled in
people. The U.S. financial situation was
grim. Revenue was very small yet the debt was
mounting due to interest. Hard (metal) money was
scarce and the paper money was worthless. The
financial situation was the number 1 problem the
new nation faced. Still, America was trying to
create a democracy on a scale never been done
before and make it fly.
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GROWING PAIN CONTINUES
The U.S. Constitution went into effect in
1789. The population was doubling every 20 years.
The largest cities in the 1790 census (in order)
were Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Charleston,
and Baltimore. 90 of the people were rural. 5
lived west of the Appalachian Mountains. These
folks lived mostly in Kentucky, Tennessee and
Ohio which soon became new states. New Hampshire
had already become state number 14.
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WHY BILL OF RIGHTS?

• All thirteen states had to ratify the
  Constitution
• Nine states needed to reset the country,
  canceling out the Articles of Confederation
• Conservative document that prevented the mob
  from controlling government
• Was a surprise to the public

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ANTI-FEDERALISTS VS. FEDERALISTS

• Anti-Federalists
• States rights
• Backcountry dwellers
• Small farmers
• Debtors
• S. Adams, P. Henry, Richard Henry Lee

Federalists Strong federal gov. Seaboard
dwellers Wealthy and better educated Controlled
the press (The Federalist Papers) G. Washington,
B. Franklin, Madison, Hamilton, John Jay
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ELECTION OF 1789

• Electors cast two votes for President
• Each elector selected Washington w/ at least one
• NC and RI hadnt ratified the Constitution
• NY had problems deciding how electors would be
  chosen

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Executive Branch (1789-1796)

• Cabinet not outlined in the Constitution a
  Washington Invention
• John Jay named 1st Chief Justice of the five
  member Supreme Court
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdwW8BD3nP44feature
  related

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CONGRESS AT WORK

• James Madison sought to protect the Constitution
  and win over the anti-Feds
• What he develops becomes known as the Bill of
  Rights (he is the father of)
• One of the first acts done by the new Federal
  Government
• Judiciary Act (1789) organizes the Supreme Court

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ALEXANDER HAMILTON

• Not a natural citizen (born in the Caribbean)
• Federalist / aide to Washington
• Arch rival Jefferson
• Father of the National Debt
• Assumption fight and compromise
• Debt was a national blessing
• Bank of the United States
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMQVRUZFM8Iwfeature
  related

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NATIONAL DEBT STRUCTURE
Debt owed to Foreigners 11,710,000
Federal Debt 42,414,000
State Debt 21,500,000
Miscellaneous Revenue
Customs Duties (tariffs)
Excise Revenue (Whiskey, etc.)
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WHISKEY REBELLION (1794)

• PA farmers not happy with tariff
• Launch an insurrection
• Washington personally leads militia into PA to
  restore order (direct opposite of Shays
  Rebellion)
• Represents peaceful dialogue over violence in
  order to change policy
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vRL1UE5nz-csfeature
  related

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WHAT CAUSED PARTIES TO FORM?
Foriegn Policy during the French Revolution!
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POLITICAL RIVALRIES

• Democrat-Republicans
• States rights (local)
• Strict construction view
• Agriculture based
• Rule of the people
• Backed France
• Support in S and W
• Jefferson and Madison key supporters

Federalists Federal rights Loose construction
view Industrial based Avoid mob rule /
elites Backed England Support in NE J. Adams and
Hamilton key supporters
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WASHINGTONS FAREWELL ADDRESS
Beware of entangling alliances
because they will get us involved in other
peoples wars.
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RATING THE PRESIDENTS

• More notable American rather than President
• Extremely popular at the time
• Sets the bar for what a Pres. does
• Foreign policy of neutrality
• Prevents a backslide of revolutionary ideals

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ELECTION OF 1796

• President and V.P. come from different parties
  for 1st time
• MD split the vote between the two
• Other candidates vote count not depicted

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PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS

• Jays Treaty with England angers D-R and France.
• Adams not well liked and comes to power in a very
  close, bitter election
• Stuck between neo-Federalists led by Hamilton
  (not pro-British enough) and Jeffersons D-R
  (anti-British)
• France reacts by seizing American vessels at sea
  (300 by 1797)

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QUASI-WAR W/ FRANCE (1798-1800)

• John Marshall is sent to France to negotiate w/
  Talleyrand

But before they meet...
Y
Z
X
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QUASI-WAR BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE LETTERS X, Y, AND
Z

• They ask for a 250,000 bribe just to talk to
  Talleyrand
• Marshall refuses and returns to America
• Millions for defense, but not one cent for
  tribute
• Adams avoids war by appealing to new French ruler
  Napoleon
• Convention of 1800 divorce w/ Fr.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vafB5NJmER5M

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ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS

• Federalists during war fervor pass laws to
  silence the opposition (D-R)
• Alien Act
• Naturalization from 5 to 14 yrs
• President can jail or deport in time of war
• Sedition Act
• Impeding policies of the government jail
• Attacking officials in press jail and fine
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vI9kCvBZGzXcfeature
  related

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VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS

• It was a protest against the Alien and Sedition
  Acts of the Federalist
• Jefferson writes for Kentucky
• Madison writes for Virginia
• Develops the idea of nullification
• The States have the right to ignore laws that the
  Federal Government oversteps its authority on
• Constitutional issues were later a right the
  Supreme Court adopts in 1803.

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ELECTION OF 1800
By the election of 1800, there were clearly two
separate political camps in the U.S. Federalists
Versus Democratic-Republicans. http//www.youtube.
com/watch?vY_zTN4BXvYI http//www.youtube.com/wat
ch?vMQVRUZFM8Iwfeaturerelated
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FEDERALIST
Federalists were supported by the upper classes.
Generally speaking They were led by Hamilton who
envisioned an industrial America of big
cities. They were from the wealthy classes, such
as merchants, bankers, manufacturers. They often
lived along the eastern seaboardthe older
regions that were close to the coast and
trade. They were pro-British (since that was good
for trade). They liked a strong federal
government, run by the educated elite. They
distrusted the common person as uneducated and
unable to run a nation. They felt democracy was
one step shy of "mobocracy."
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DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN
The Democratic-Republicans (or just Republicans
at this time) were supported by the poor and
common classes. Generally speaking They were led
by Jefferson who envisioned an agricultural
America of small towns. They felt that even an
uneducated man can make common-sense decisions
and thus run himself and his nation through
voting. Republicans favored expanding the vote to
more people (though it was still a very narrow
group). They were mostly farmers and lived in the
interior areas and along the frontier. They felt
farming was good for the soulit kept the farmer
humble and close to God. They were pro-French
(since France had helped the U.S. against
England).
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RATING THE PRESIDENTS

• John Adams (Federalist) More notable American
  rather than President
• Extremely disliked at the time / abrasive
  personality
• Doesnt get caught up in war fever and does what
  was best for the country
• Splits his party and loses in close election to
  Jefferson (Republican)