Mexican Revolution

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Mexican Revolution

• Mr. Millhouse
• AP World History
• Hebron High School

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Causes of the Mexican Revolution

• Reign of Porfirio Díaz
• Ruled as a dictator
• New Creoles
• Modernized Mexico
• Masses suppressed
• Working class wages declined
• 95 of rural population did not own any land
• Mestizo population grew rapidly after 1850

Porfirio Díaz (1876-1910)
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Start of the Revolution

• Election of 1910
• Francisco Madero ran against Díaz
• Díaz had Madero arrested on election day
• Madero called for Díaz to be overthrown
• Movement supported by peasants and the middle
  class
• Díaz forced to resign in May 1911

Francisco Madero (1911-1913)
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Mexican Revolutionaries (1910)
Francisco Madero
Pancho Villa
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The Revolution Spreads

• Madero was unprepared
• Lack of land reforms led to open rebellion
• Emiliano Zapata
• Land and Liberty
• Pancho Villa
• Madero was overthrown by General Victoriano
  Huerta in February 1913
• Madero was eventually assassinated

Pancho Villa
Emiliano Zapata
Mural to Zapata in Cuba
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Map of the Revolution
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The Revolution Continues

• Huerta was opposed by a coalition led by
  Venustiano Carranza (top), Alvaro Obregón
  (bottom), Villa, Zapata, etc.
• Huerta was overthrown in 1914
• Carranza appealed to masses
• Mexican Constitution of 1917
• Villa and Zapata continued to rebel until 1919
  and 1920
• Carranza was overthrown in 1920
• Replaced by Obregon (1920-1924)

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Timeline of the Revolution
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Women in the Revolution

• Intellectuals
• Called for equal rights, womens suffrage, and
  other reforms
• Often endured threats, imprisonment, etc.
• Soldaderas
• Served as nurses, cooks, foraged for food, washed
  clothes and other services
• Served in the rebel army and the federal army
• Women Soldiers

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Women in the Revolution
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Women in the Revolution
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Aftermath of Revolution

• Over one million people died
• Revolution lacked a plan, a philosophy,
  intellectual leadership, or political parties
• Farming, ranching, and mining economies were
  destroyed
• Oil industry improved during revolution
• No major bank or newspaper survived

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Constitution of 1917

• Conferred strong powers to the president
• Laid basis for land reform
• No major redistribution until 1934
• Government ownership of mineral and water
  resources
• New labor laws
• No major labor laws until 1931
• Placed restrictions on the church and clergy
• Church went on strike in 1926

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Aftermath Continued

• Alvaro Obregón (1920-1924)
• Built schools and encouraged nationalism
• Diego Rivera
• Mexico becomes a single-party system
• Party of Revolutionary Institutions (PRI)
• Dominated politics until 2000
• Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940)
• Redistributed 45 million acres of land
• 253 million would be redistributed by 1984
• Promoted economic nationalism
• Nationalized railroads (1937) and oil (1938)

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Diego Rivera
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Diego Rivera