Clash of the European Monarchs

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Clash of the EuropeanMonarchs

• Walker

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Start of Conflict

• Peace of Augsburg
• Lutherans vs. Catholics vs. Calvinists
• Calvinists pose threat
• Lutherans join Protestant Union
• Catholics form Catholic League
• Waiting for a spark

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The Spark

• Hapsburg Family Ferdinand II
• Also ruled the Czech kingdom of Bohemia
• Czech Protestants didnt trust or like Ferdinand
• Protestants revolt after churches closed
• Ferdinand sends in army
• German protestants get involved
• Thirty Years War has begun!

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Ferdinand II
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Thirty Years War

• War over religion, territory, and power among
  European ruling families.
• Two phases Hapsburg triumphs/defeats
• Triumphs
• First 12 yrs. Austria Spain crush Czechs
  supporting German Protestants
• Paid army by allowing them to plunder German
  villages. Destroyed it.

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Defeats

• Protestant Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
• Drives Hapsburgs out of Germany
• Richelieu and Mazarin fight against Haps.
• Protect power of French King
• Send troops to help Germans and Swedish
• Damage was doneto Germany

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Thirty Years War
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Peace of Westphalia

• 1648 Ends the war
• Weakened Hapsburg states of Spain Austria
• Strengthens France Get German territory
• Ended religious wars in Europe
• New method of peace negotiations
• No Catholic dominance
• Bunch of equal independent states

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Forming of States

• Economic differences
• W. Europe Serfs could get freedom, let them
  move to city
• C. Europe keep serfs on land to grow crops,
  sell them for money
• Empires weaken
• Polands king loses much power
• No strong ruler to unify state

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Hapsburgs

• Austria
• Reconquered Bohemia in 30 Yrs. War
• Centralized govt Created standing army
• Retook Hungary from Ottomans
• Charles VI difficult task
• Hungary, Italy, Croatia, Germany
• Hard to keep it all together

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Austrian Throne

• Charles VI keeps it together
• European nations recognize successor Daughter
  Maria Theresa
• Will face lots of war Prussia
• Hohenzollern Family

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Maria vs. Frederick The Great
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Maria vs. Frederick The Great
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Prussia

• Start small (Prussia and German states)
• Frederick William The Great Elector
• Strong navy safety
• Great Army 80,000 Taxes
• Nobility unhappy with absolute monarch
• Lets them be officers happy again!
• Very strong military society

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Frederick

• Son was not a strong military guy
• Witnesses beheading of friend
• Starts to follow fathers footsteps
• However, did soften some
• Religious toleration
• Legal reform
• Father-like ruler

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Succession in Austria

• Maria Theresa takes over - Silesia
• So does Frederick II The Great
• Iron ore, textiles, agricultural products
• Frederick sends in his army
• Theresa gets help from Hungary even though they
  hate the Hapsburgs
• Great Britain helps to fight France (Prussias
  Ally)

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Seven Years War

• Prussia takes Silesia becomes major power
• Theresa forms alliance with France
• Frederick gets Britain to help Switch
• War starts when Frederick attacks Saxony
• Britain comes out best
• Gets French territories in N.A.
• Dominant power in India as well