Ecological Relationships

1
Ecological Relationships

• Unit 2 Lecture 2

2
Ecology

• Ecology -
• the relationship between an org and its
  environment
• Includes relationships between
• biotic and other biotic factors
• biotic and abiotic factors

3
Important Concepts

• Habitat
• where an org lives
• tree, lake, burrowetc
• Niche
• what an org does
• making dams, eat-ing certain orgs, etc.
• EVERYTHINGit does, basically.

4
Biotic ? Biotic Relationships

• Symbiosis a relationship between 2 orgs
• three types that we will cover
• mutualism benefit-benefit
• often referred to as simply symbiosis, but you
  must use the more specific term
• commensalism benefit-unaffected
• parasitism benefit-harm

5
Discuss

• Come up with 2 examples of each of the symbiotic
  relationships
• mutualism benefit-benefitcommensalism
  unaffected-benefitparasitism harmed-benefit

6
Biotic?Biotic contd

• Other Non Symbiotic Relationships
• Predator-Prey
• one org feeds off of the other
• Competition
• organisms compete for the same resources

7
Food Chains Food Webs

• Do Not list humans, decomposers, or scavengers.
• detritovore feeds off of detritus dead or
  decaying organic matter decomposers/scavengers
• Food Chain a linear representation of feeding
• chains are linear a single line
• ex

8
Food Chains Webs contd

• Food Web a branched often interconnected
  representation of feeding
• webs have many branches and interconnections
• ex

9
Descriptive Org Terms

• Autotroph an organism which makes its own food
• auto- self
• troph nutrients / food / feeder
• aka producer
• examples?

10
Descriptive Org Terms contd

• Heterotroph cannot make its own food, feeds off
  of other organisms
• hetero different
• aka consumer
• vore terms carnivore, omnivore, herbivore,
  detritovore/decomposer

11
Discuss

• What do each of these vore terms mean?
• carnivore
• omnivore
• herbivore
• detritovore

12
Descriptive Org Terms contd

• decomposer obtains nutrients by breaking down
  decaying organic matter
• organic any substance containing the element
  Carbon

13
Sequence Terms for Consumers

• Used in food chains or food pyramids for
  CONSUMERS, NOT in food webs. You may use either
  of the given terms.
• Primary aka First Order consumers
• eats the producer
• herbivore or omnivore
• Secondary aka Second Order consumers
• eats the primary/1st order consumer
• omnivore or carnivore

14
Sequence Terms contd

• Tertiary aka Third Order consumer
• eats secondary / 2nd order consumer
• carnivore or omnivore
• Quaternary aka Fourth Order consumer
• eats tertiary / 3rd order consumer
• carnivore or omnivore
• etc

15
Terms in Chains Pyramids

• Top Predator
• an animal with has no natural enemies
• will always be final step in food chain / pyramid
• NOT all pyramids chains have a top predator
• HUMANS ARE NOT TOP PREDATORS

16
Discuss / Complete

• Fill in 4 on your sheet using the terms you
  just learned in s 1-3.sequence terms, vore
  terms, and the rest

17
Check Your Work!
Producer Autotroph
Heterotroph 1st Order Consumer Primary
Consumer Omnivore
Heterotroph 2nd Order Consumer Secondary
Consumer Carnivore
Heterotroph 3rd Order Consumer Tertiary
Consumer Carnivore Top Predator
18
Energy/Food Pyramids

• Energy Pyramid a pyramid-shaped representation
  of a food chain
• shows the transfer of energy btw organisms
• only 10 of the energy taken in is passed on to
  the next trophic level
• 90 of energy taken in is lost used for fuel for
  the bodys actions and for bodys reactions

19
Energy/Food Pyramids

• Energy Pyramid a pyramid-shaped representation
  of a food chain
• trophic level a nutrient/food level troph
• each step in a food chain, web, or energy
  pyramid is a new trophic level
• a pyramid will have as many levels as the food
  chain it represents

20
Energy/Food Pyramids

• the terms used to describe orgs on the food chain
  are also used for each trophic level here.
• as available energy decreases, the number of
  organisms circle one also decreases /
  increases.

21
Homework

• Complete the Food Chains, Food Webs Food
  Pyramids worksheet found on pages 6-7 in your
  packet.