Ecological Relationships

1
Ecological Relationships
http//www.univie.ac.at/zoologie/ecophys/crabsp-30
0dpi.jpg

• How do biotic factors influence each other?

http//www.cs.umbc.edu/courses/undergraduate/201/f
all06/projects/p1/fox-rabbit.jpg
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Ecological Relationships
Biodiversity the number of species in an
ecosystem
Territory space claimed by an individual
organism
Ecological Equilibrium state of balance in an
ecosystem
http//www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/environment/faqs/b
iodiversity.jpg
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Ecological Relationships

• NICHE - Role of organism in the ecosystem (job)
• NICHE DIVERSITY Number of niches in an
  ecosystem often determined by abiotic factors

A niche is the sum of all activities and
relationships a species has while obtaining and
using resources needed to survive and reproduce
Abiotic non-living
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Competition
The fight may be indirect individuals may
never directly contact each other.

• When species or individuals fight for the same
  resources.
• E.g., Food, shelter.
• KEYSTONE PREDATOR/SPECIES - A predator that
  causes a large increase in diversity of its
  habitat.

Two species with similar needs for same limited
resources cannot coexist.
http//www.butler.edu/herbarium/prairie/prairie420
04.jpg
Losing a keystone species usually disrupts many
ecological relationships.
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Herbivory

• A primary consumer feeds on a producer.

http//www.smilinglizard.com/1a291aa0.jpg
http//images.inmagine.com/168nwm/creatas/cr15169/
cr15169065.jpg
A fruit bat eating a papaya
A woodchuck eating wild clover
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Predation

• A consumer feeds on another consumer.

http//nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/200
6/3/IMAGES/lion_zebra.jpg
http//www.citypaper.net/blogs/clog/wp-content/upl
oads/2007/06/close-up-bald-eagle-eating.jpg
A lion eating zebra.
An eagle eating halibut.
7
Symbiosis
http//www.floridastateparks.org/maclaygardens/ima
ges/wallpaper/1024-PL-MAC-Symbiosis-MarkFerrulo.jp
g

• A long-term relationship where two species live
  closely together and at least one benefits
  directly from the relationship.

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Mutualism

• Both organisms benefit from the relationship.
• Win-Win situation!

http//tumi-educational-resources.org/Educational
2020Videos.htm
9
Commensalism

• One organism benefits, the other one is
  unaffected.
• Win-Neutral relationship

10
Parasitism

• One organism benefits, the other one is harmed!
• Win-Lose relationship
• Parasites rarely kill their hostsit would
  require them to get another one!

11
Ecological Relationships

• Biological Magnification Increasing
  concentration of poisons in organisms in higher
  trophic levels in a food chain or web.

12

• Biological Magnification- accumulation of
  increasing amounts of toxin within tissues of
  organisms.

Video on Biological Magnification