Principles of Ecology

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Principles of Ecology

• Chapter 22.1

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What is Ecology?

• Ecology is the scientific study of interactions
  among organisms and their environments.

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Aspects of Ecological Study

• Biosphere
• -It is the portion of the Earth that supports
  life.

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Environmental Factors

• Abiotic factors
• -The nonliving parts of an organisms
  environment.
• -Examples include air currents, temperature,
  moisture, light, and soil.

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Environmental Factors

• Biotic factors
• -All the living organisms that inhabit an
  environment.
• - Examples animals plants

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Levels of Organization in Ecology

• Populations
• -A group of organisms of one species that
  interbreed and live in the same place at the same
  time.
• Communities
• -A collection of interacting populations.

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Ecosystems

• -The three types of ecosystems are terrestrial,
  freshwater, and marine.
• -They are made up of interactions among the
  populations in a community and the communitys
  physical surroundings.

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Organisms in Ecosystems

• Habitat
• -A place where an organism lives out its life.
• Niche
• -The role and position a specie has in its
  environment.

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Living Relationships

• Symbiosis
• -The relationship in which there is a close and
  permanent association among organisms of
  different species.
• Commensalism
• -Relationship in which one species benefits and
  the other species is neither harmed nor
  benefited.

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More Living Relationships

• Mutualism
• -Relationship in which both species benefit.
• Parasitism
• -Relationship in which one organism benefits at
  the expense of the other.

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