Dioxins in Candidate Countries

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Dioxins in Candidate Countries
2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava 2./3. February
2004
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• Dioxins in Candidate Countries
• Emission measurement program

Ulrich Quass Airborne Particle Group IUTA e.V. ,
Germany
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Outline

• Objectives
• Procedure
• Responses to query
• First campaign
• Second campaign
• Further options

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Objectives

• Support emission inventory by
• providing better emission estimates for relevant
  facilities
• Identification of unknown hot-spots
• Check of emission factors used in inventory
• Support capacity building process in CCs by
• comitting measaurement tasks to local
  laboratories
• supervision of sampling executed by recently
  formed local groups

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Procedure
Query to national experts request for proposals
of facilities request for information on
laboratories
Selection of facilities from proposals
Selection of appropriate companies/laboratories
to be asked for offers
Call for tenders
Selection of best offer
Commision of measurements
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Responses to query (1)
Measurement Capabilities
County Sampling Analysis
Czech Republic 1 (experienced) 1 (experienced)
Poland 3 (experienced) 3 (no HRMS)
Slovakia 3 ( 1 experienced) 1 (experienced)
Turkey 1 (unexperienced) 1 (unexperienced)
Latvia 1 (unexperienced) No
Cyprus 1 (unexperienced) No
Lithuania 1 (unexperienced) No
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Responses to query (1)
Facility Proposals 10 of 13 countries
responded no response from Hungary,
Romania, Slovenia
Number of proposals
Bg Cy Cz Est Lit Lv M Pl Sk Tr
1 2 1 2 2 1 1 8 3 2
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Responses to query (2)
Sector Type Number Country
Energy prod. Power plant lignite, 2 Bg, Sk
heavy oil 2 M, Cy
unknown 1 Lit
Steel industry Pig iron tipping 1 Cz
Scrap smelter 1 Lv
Sintering 2 Pl, Sk
EAF ladle furnace 1 Pl
Cupola furnace 1 Pl
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Responses to query (3)
Sector Type Number Country
Non-ferrous metals Al 3 Pl, Tr
Zn 5 Pl, Tr
Other 4 Pl
Earth Stones Cement, dry 1 Cy
Cement, wet 2 Est, Lit (?)
Other Shale oil prod. 1 Est
Bark combustion 1 Sk
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Iron ore Sintering in CCs
(activity rates in TNO database)
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Results of 1. Campaign (1)
Iron ore sintering at Cracow, Pl
Concentration ng I-TEQ/m³ Annual emission g I-TEQ/year Emission factor µg I-TEQ/t
0.36 0.5 0.4
4 (previous Measurements)
Range of EFs measured in Czech Republic 3.8
20.5 µg I-TEQ/t
UNEP Tool kit EF 0.3 - 20 µg
I-TEQ/t
?Using Tool kit EFs overestimation?
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Results of 1. Campaign (2)
Processing of zinc containing meterials, Pl
Process Concentration ng I-TEQ/m³ Annual emission g I-TEQ/year Emission factor µg I-TEQ/t
Electrolytic melting 0.02 0.003 0.04
Zn recovery 3.66 1.1 130
ZnO sintering 7.29 0.47 111
UNEP Tool kit EFs 0.3 - 100 µg
I-TEQ/t
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Results of 1. Campaign (3)
Secondary zinc production (activity data from TNO
database)
tons/year
Turkey?
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Results of 1. Campaign (4)
Kunda cement factory, Estonia
Concentration ng I-TEQ/m³ Annual emission g I-TEQ/year Emission factor µg I-TEQ/t
0.018 0,04 0,07
UNEP Tool kit EFs 0.15 - 5 µg
I-TEQ/t
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Second Campaign

• Selected sources
• iron ore sintering, Sk
• Bark combustion, Sk
• Sec. Aluminium production, Tr
• Power plant, lignite, Bg
• Steel works, Latvia

Potentially relevant source
State of biofuel combustion
Potentially relevant first measurement in Tr,
Typical facility for CCs(?)
Relevant for Lv(?), scrap from Russia
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Options for 2nd project year (1)

• A 3rd measurement campaign
• B Training study for Newcomer laboratories

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3rd measurement campaign?
0.007 ?
0.037 !
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3rd measurement campaign?
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Training for New Labs?

• New sampling teams founded in
• Estonia
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Cyprus
• Turkey (also analysis)

• Experienced teams available from
• Czech Republic
• Poland
• Slovakia

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Training for New Labs?
Draft outline of an intercomparison study
2 samplings simultaneously (1 as reference, 1 to
test) Each team 3 samples and 1 blank Overall
samples 6 (ref) 7 (test) 3 39 Overall
blanks 6 (ref) 7 (test) 1 13
? 52 analyses
Analyses to be done by one laboratory, some
samples split for cross-checks
? 60 analyses
Campaign duration ca. 3 weeks, 1 team all days,
other each 3-4 days
? 60 pers.-days
Overall cost estimate 70,000 80,000
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Training for New Labs?

• Open questions
• Suitable plant (2 ports, PCDD/F level 1 ng
  I-TEQ/m³)
• Selection of reference sampling team
• Selection of central laboratory
• Local campaign organisation

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Conclusion

• Measurements made so far
• Surprisingly low emissions from sinter plant
• Expectable emissions from sec. zinc production
  (Pl) and cement plant (Est)

• Measurements scheduled for 2nd campaign
• 2nd Sinter plant, biofuel(bark) combustion (Sk)
• Sec. Al production, Power plant (Tr, Bg
  co-operation)
• Steel works scrap prcessing (Lv, co-operation)

• Options for continuation
• 3rd campaign (further relevant sources?)
• Field intercomparison (? capacity building)

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