Motivation

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Motivation

• Theories and Practice

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Theories About Motivation

• Wide range of theories
• Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
• Hierarchy of needs
• David Clarence McClelland (1917-1998)
• Need for achievement
• Frederick Hertzberg (1923-2000)
• Dual factor theory

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Motivation - Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation
Self-esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and shelter
Physical (comfort) needs
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Self actualisation needs

• be enthusiastic and supportive
• encourage projects and plans
• be positive about the future
• promote optimism
• teach students how to learn

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Motivation - Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation
Self-esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and shelter
Physical (comfort) needs
6
Self-esteem needs

• encourage independence
• praise appropriately whenever possible
• welcome ideas
• treat students with dignity
• celebrate good work by students

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Motivation - Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation
Self-esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and shelter
Physical (comfort) needs
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Love and Belonging (Feeling Accepted) Needs

• show you care
• promote interaction between students
• promote a cohesive class climate
• use team building exercises

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Motivation - Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation
Self-esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and shelter
Physical (comfort) needs
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Safety and Shelter (Safe from harm) needs

• maintain confidentiality/privacy as necessary
• treat students fairly
• observe and chart accurate information
• give students a clear structure to
• work in
• follow safety rules when necessary

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Motivation - Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation
Self-esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and shelter
Physical (comfort) needs
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Physical (comfort) needs

• provide adequate breaks
• ensure comfort
• arrange seats according to need
• be alert to heating and ventilation requirements

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Motivation - Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation
Self-esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and shelter
Physical (comfort) needs
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McClellands Need for Achievement theory

• Three needs
• Need for authority and power
• Need for affiliation
• Need for achievement
• Link to parental expectations
• Research by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)

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Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory

• Two independent scales
• Satisfaction and No Satisfaction
• These are the motivators
• Dissatisfaction and No Dissatisfaction
• Hygiene or maintenance factors

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Comparison of Hygiene and Motivators

• Hygiene Factors
• College policies
• Teacher habits
• Working conditions
• Relationship with peers
• Status
• Security
• These factors contribute to dissatisfaction.

• Motivators
• Recognition
• Achievement
• Work itself
• Responsibility
• Opportunity for advancement
• Growth
• These factors contribute to satisfaction.

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Reading for Motivation/Classroom Management.

• Petty, G. (2004) Teaching Today 3rd Ed.
  Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes
• Chapters 6 8
•  
• Reece, I. Walker,S. (2000) Teaching Training
  and Learning a practical guide 4th
  Ed.,Sunderland Business Education Publishers Ltd.
•  Chapter 2 section 8 Chapter 5 section 13
• Atherton, J. S. (2004) Teaching and Learning 
  Motivation   On-line UK Available
  http//www.learningandteaching.info/learning/motiv
  ation.htm Accessed 5 July 2005