THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

• MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
• CHAPTER 3

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

• BONES
• PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK
• ARE LIVING ORGANS
• RESPOND TO A CHANGING EVIRONMENT
• THE HARDEST TISSUE IN THE BODY
• REPAIR THEMSELVES

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Classification of Bones

• Bones are classified according to their shapes.
• FlatRibs, scapula
• LongTibia, Femur
• ShortCarpal, tarsal
• Irregualrvertebrae
• SesamoidPatella
• Suturalbetween the flat bones of the skull

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PARTS OF A BONE

• PERIOSTEUM--outer covering of the bone
• ENDOSTEUM--tisue that lines the medullary cavity
  of a bone

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STRUCTURE OF BONE

• BONES
• compact bone
• cancellous bone
• BONE MARROW
• red bone marrow
• yellow bone marrow
• CARTILAGE

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ANATOMIC LANDMARKS

• DIAPHYSIS
• MEDULLARY CAVITY
• EPIPHYSIS
• FOSSA
• FORAMEN
• CONDYLE
• PROCESS

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FUNCTIONS OF BONES

• SUPPORT
• PROTECTION
• MOVEMENT
• STORAGE
• HEMOPOIESIS

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Joints

• SynarthrosisDoes not permit movement. The bones
  are in close contact with each other and there is
  no joint cavity.
• AmphiarthrosisPermit very slight movement like
  the vertebrae
• DiarthrosisAllows free movement in a variety of
  directions.

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TYPES OF JOINTS

• FIBROUS
• CARTILAGINOUS
• SYNOVIAL
• BALL SOCKET
• HING JOINTS

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TYPES OF JOINTS

• LIGAMENTS
• TENDONS
• BURSA

• FIBROUS
• CARTILAGINOUS
• SYNOVIAL
• BALL SOCKET
• HING JOINTS

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DIVISION OF THE SKELETON

• There are two divisions and 206 bones in the
  human body
• APPENDICULAR SKELETON (126)
• AXIAL SKELETON (80)

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BONES OF THE SKULL

• CRAINAL BONES
• FRONTAL
• PARIETAL
• TEMPORAL
• OCCIPITAL
• SPHENOID
• ETHMOID

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BONES OF THE SKULL

• BONES OF THE FACE
• NASAL
• MAXILLARY
• ZYGOMATIC
• MANDIBLE
• LACRIMAL
• PALATINE
• INFERIOR CONCHAE
• VOMER

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BONES OF THE SKULL

• BONES OF THE MIDDLE EAR
• MALLEUS
• INCUS
• STAPES

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BONES OF THE SPINAL COLUMN

• 26 VERTEBRAE
• CERVICAL
• THORACIC
• LUMBAR
• SACRUM
• COCCYX

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RIBS AND STERNUM

• 12 PAIR OF RIBS
• TRUE RIBS
• FALSE RIBS
• FLOATING RIBS
• STERNUM
• MANUBRIUM
• BODY
• XIPHOID PROCESS

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THE SHOULDERS

• The shoulders form the
• PECTORAL GIRDLE
• SCAPULA
• ACROMION
• CLAVICLE

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BONES OF THE ARMS

• HUMERUS
• RADIUS
• ULNA
• OLECRANON PROCESS

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BONES OF THE WRIST HANDS

• 8 CARPALS
• 5 METACARPALS
• 14 PHALANGES

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BONES OF THE HIPS

• PELVIC BONES
• --ILIUM
• --SACROILIAC
• --ISCHIUM
• --ACETABULUM
• --PUBIS
• --PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

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BONES OF THE LEGS

• FEMUR
• PATELLA
• TIBIA
• FIBULA

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BONES OF THE FOOT

• TARSALS
• MALLEOULUS
• CALCANEAL
• METATARSALS
• PHALANGES

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BONE FRACTURES

• CLOSED FRACTURE/SIMPLE FRACTURE
• OPEN FRACTURE/COMPOUND FRACTURE
• COMMINUTED FRACTURE
• IMPACTED FRACTURE
• GREENSTICK/IMCOMPLETE FRACTURE

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