Introduction to the Human Body: The Skeletal System

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Introduction to the Human BodyThe Skeletal
System
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What are all living things made of?

• All living things are made of CELLS!
• (You have billions of cells inside you.)
• These cells have specialized jobs,
• and are organized in your body.
• For example, these red blood cells are specially
  designed to carry oxygen around your body in your
  blood.

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How are the cells organized?
CELLS

• Complex living things are
• organized into 5 levels.
• CELLS are the smallest unit. They carry on the
  processes that keep us alive.
• Examples
• Red Blood Cells,
• Muscle Cells,
• Skin Cells

TISSUES
ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM (BODY)
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Cells are organized into TISSUES!
CELLS

• A TISSUE is a group of similar cells that all do
  the same thing (they have the same function).
• Examples
• Muscle Tissue (Muscles)
• Nervous Tissue (Nerves)
• Connective Tissue (Bones)

TISSUES
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Tissues are organized into ORGANS!
CELLS

• An ORGAN is a structure made of different
  tissues. The organ does a specific (complex) job.
  
• Examples
• Heart
• Stomach
• Brain
• Lungs

TISSUES
ORGANS
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Organs are organized into ORGAN SYSTEMS!
CELLS

• An ORGAN SYSTEM is a group of organs that work
  together to perform a major job.
• Examples
• Circulatory System
• Digestive System
• Skeletal System

TISSUES
ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEM
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Organ Systems are organized into ORGANISMS!
CELLS

• An ORGANISM is a living thing, with organ
  systems that work together to keep a body alive.
• Examples Human Beings

TISSUES
ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM (BODY)
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What is HOMEOSTASIS?

• HOMEOSTASIS is the process by
• which YOUR BODY maintains an
• INTERNAL BALANCE.
• It keeps your body STABLE in spite
• of changes OUTSIDE YOUR BODY.
• Example Your body maintains
• A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE no
• matter what the outside temperature.

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How does your body maintain HOMEOSTASIS?

• When you are TOO HOT, your body
• SWEATS to keep you cool.
• When you are TOO COLD, your body
• SHIVERS to keep you warm.

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What is a SKELETON?
- The Skeletal System

• All the BONES in your BODY.
• Adults have about 206 bones.

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What are the main FUNCTIONS of a skeleton?
- The Skeletal System

1. It provides SHAPE SUPPORT.
2. It lets you MOVE.
3. It PROTECTS your ORGANS.
4. It produces BLOOD CELLS.
5. It STORES STUFF until your body needs it.

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What is a JOINT? Why are they important?
- The Skeletal System

• A JOINT is a place in the body where TWO BONES
  COME TOGETHER.
• JOINTS ALLOW BONES TO MOVE
  in different ways.

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What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
- The Skeletal System

• 1) HINGE JOINT allows back-and-forth movement
  (like the hinge on a door).
• Examples Knee, Elbow

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What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
- The Skeletal System

• 2) BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT allows wide-range of
  motion. One bone with rounded end fits into a
  cup-like shape on another bone.
• Examples Shoulder, Hip

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What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
- The Skeletal System

• 3) PIVOT JOINT allows one bone to rotate around
  another.
• Examples Neck (can turn your head from
  side-to-side.) Forearm (can twist side-to-side).

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What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
- The Skeletal System

• 4) GLIDING JOINT allows one bone to slide over
  another.
• Examples Wrists and Ankles let you bend, flex.

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Are bones ALIVE?
- The Skeletal System

• YES! Your bones are complex LIVING STRUCTURES
  that GROW AND DEVELOP.
• They have CELLS TISSUES (blood and nerves).

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Are bones ALIVE?
- The Skeletal System

• Bones are structured to be LIGHT and STRONG!
• Because they are alive, they can MEND, if you
  BREAK ONE!