The Skeletal System

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The Skeletal System
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5 Functions Of The Skeletal System

• Support Gives form to the body.
• Protection Protects vital internal organs, acts
  as a shield.
• Movement Bones and joints, bones act as levers
  where muscles attach in order to provide for
  movement.
• Production Red marrow produces blood cells.
• Storage stores mineral salts, especially calcium
  and phosphorus.

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4 Types of Bone

• Long Bone
• Short Bone
• Flat Bone
• Irregular Bone

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Types of Bone

• 1.)Long Bone
• Greater in length than in width.
• Absorb stress from body weight.
• Found in the Arms, Forearms, Hands, Thighs,
  Legs, and Feet.

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Anatomy of Long Bone

• Long Bone
• Parts of Long Bone
• Diaphysis- The central shaft of the bone.
• Epiphysis- Bulbous ends of the bones, shaped for
  muscle attachment.
• Medullary Cavity- Hollow chamber that contains
  yellow marrow.

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Anatomy of Long Bone

• Long Bone
• Parts of Long Bone
• Endosteum- The membrane which lines the medullary
  cavity
• Articular Cartilage- Hyaline cartilage that
  covers the outer surface of the epiphysis where
  the joints occur.

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Anatomy of Long Bone

• Long Bone
• Parts of Long Bone
• Periosteum- Dense irregular connective tissue
  which covers entire bone except at the joint
  surface.
• Compact Bone forms the walls of the diaphysis and
  thin layer around the epiphysis.
• Spongy Bone occupies the epiphysis and also the
  medullary cavity (thin layer).

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Types of Bone

• 2.) Short Bone
• About equal in length and width (cubed-shaped).
• Found in the wrist and ankle.
• Spongy core enclosed in a thin layer of compact
  bone.

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Types of Bone

• 3.) Flat Bone
• Generally thin and flat.
• Composed of two (more or less) parallel plates of
  compact bone surrounding a layer of spongy bone.
• Examples include scapula, sternum, ribs.

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Types of Bone

• 4.) Irregular Bone
• Complex in shape.
• Vary in amount of compact and spongy bone.
• Examples include vertebrae, some facial bones.

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Types of Bone Cells

• There are three types of bone cells found in
  living bone.
• 1.Osteoblasts- (producing cells)
• Found on bone surface.
• Form matrix of bone in which they then become
  enclosed (trapped).

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Types of Bone Cells

• 2. Osteocytes- (maintenance cells)
• These are osteoblasts that are trapped inside the
  matrix in the lacunae chambers (mature bone).
• 3. Osteoclasts- (dissolving cells)
• Bone cells found throughout bone tissue.
• Function in bone growth and repair.