Skeletal System

1
Skeletal System
2
Skeletal System

• The Basics

3
Skeletal System

• The Basics
• provides support and shape to the body

4
Skeletal System

• The Basics
• provides support and shape to the body
• protects delicate internal organs

5
Skeletal System

• The Basics
• provides support and shape to the body
• protects delicate internal organs
• acts as a system of levers on which muscles act
  to produce movement

6
Skeletal System

• The Basics
• provides support and shape to the body
• protects delicate internal organs
• acts as a system of levers on which muscles act
  to produce movement
• stores minerals

7
Skeletal System

• The Basics
• provides support and shape to the body
• protects delicate internal organs
• acts as a system of levers on which muscles act
  to produce movement
• stores minerals
• site of blood cell formation

8
Skeletal System

• The Basics
• provides support and shape to the body
• protects delicate internal organs
• acts as a system of levers on which muscles act
  to produce movement
• stores minerals
• site of blood cell formation

9
The Structure of Bone
10
The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

11
The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the
  bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory

12
The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the
  bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory
• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without
  adding mass

13
The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the
  bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory
• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without
  adding mass
• Marrow in center

14
The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the
  bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory
• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without
  adding mass
• Marrow in center

15
Anatomy of a Long Bone
16
Anatomy of a Bone

• Color and label the worksheet by referring to the
  slide prior to this one

17
Healing Bones

• Healing takes place in periosteum, with thin
  layer of blood vessels and nerves covering the
  bone
• Area inflamed and cleans away dead tissue and new
  cells (osteoblasts) move in to make repair
• Bone is stronger and callus is built up over
  damaged area

18
How are bones formed?
19
How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes

20
How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes
• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding
  calcium to cartilage

21
How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes
• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding
  calcium to cartilage
• Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts

22
How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue osteocytes
  (bone cells)
• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding
  calcium to cartilage
• Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts
• Lacuna small pockets found b/w sheets of
  calcified matrix called lamellae

23
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy
24
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.

25
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.
• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the
  Haversian canals

26
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.
• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the
  Haversian canals
• Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels

27
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals (osteons) are tubes through bone
  tissue.
• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the
  Haversian canals
• Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels
• Canaliculi small channels radiate through
  matrix interconnecting lacunae (small pockets
  that have bone cells) and linking them to blood
  vessels

28
How bones grow!
29
How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms legs) - have
  growth plates at either end

30
How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms legs) - have
  growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to
  lengthen

31
How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms legs) - have
  growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to
  lengthen
• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

32
How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms legs) - have
  growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to
  lengthen
• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

33
How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms legs) - have
  growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to
  lengthen
• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

34
Bone Classification p.136

• Long bones
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones
• color at least 2 of each on your worksheet!

35
Connecting Bones Together
36
Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft
  material that wears easily

37
Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft
  material that wears easily
• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone
  wear

38
Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft
  material that wears easily
• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone
  wear
• Ligaments hold bones together

39
Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft
  material that wears easily
• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone
  wear
• Ligaments hold bones together

40
Joint Movement
41
Stick Figure

• Fill out matching on joint movements worksheet
• Make stick figure perform movements

42
Different types of joints.
43
Different types of joints.

• Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow
  movement . These are also called suture joints
  because of their jagged appearance

44
Different types of joints.

• Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow
  movement . These are also called suture joints
  because of their jagged appearance

45
Different types of joints.

• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee
  provide movement similar to a door hinge

46
Different types of joints.

• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee
  provide movement similar to a door hinge

47
Different types of joints.

• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee
  provide movement similar to a door hinge
• Allow for flexion and extension
• Ex humeroulnar (elbow)

48
Hinge Joint Examples

• Knee
• Ankle
• Interphalangeal

49
Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the
  shoulder and hips allow for movement in all
  directions

50
Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the
  shoulder and hips allow for movement in all
  directions

51
Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the
  shoulder and hips allow for movement in all
  directions

52
Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the
  shoulder and hips allow for movement in all
  directions true circumduction and rotation
• Ex Hip (acetabulum and head of femur)

53
Ball and Socket Examples

• Scapula and humerus

54
Different types of joints.

• Gliding joints - like those found in the back
  allow small movements between bones, flat
  surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding of one
  bone over another

55
Different types of joints.

• Gliding joints - like those found in the back
  allow small movements between bones, flat
  surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding of one
  bone over another

56
Different types of joints.

• Gliding joints - like those found in the back
  allow small movements between bones, flat
  surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding motion
  of one bone over another

57
Different types of joints.

• Gliding joints - like those found in the back
  allow small movements between bones, flat
  surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding of one
  bone over another
• Ex facet joints of vertebrate

58
Gliding Joints Examples

• Acromioclavicular (manubrium and clavicle ends
  of clavicle)
• between carpals and tarsals (intercarpal and
  intertarsal)

59
Saddle Joint

• Convex surface meets concave, like rider on a
  saddle
• No rotation
• Movement includes circumduction and angular
  movements

60
Saddle Joint Examples

• Thumb (carpometacarpal joint between 1st
  metacarpal and trapezium)

61
Different types of joints.

• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow
  end of the radius arm bone, allows rotational
  movement

62
Different types of joints.

• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow
  end of the radius arm bone, allows rotational
  movement

63
Different types of joints.

• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow
  end of the radius arm bone allow rotational
  movement
• Pronation and supination of hand (radial humeral
  and radial ulnar)

64
Pivot Joint Examples

• C1/C2 atlas/axis

65
Ellipsoidal Joint

• Oval articular face fits within a depression on
  opposing surface
• Example Human Wrist

66
Ellipsoidal Joint Examples

• Phalanges of toes with metatarsals
• Phalanges of fingers with metacarpal
• temporamandibular
• Wrist (radiocarpal)

67
Different types of joints.

• Fixed
• Hinged
• Ball and Socket
• Saddle
• Gliding
• Pivot
• Ellipsoidal

68
How many bones do you have?
69
How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones

70
How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones
• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth

71
How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones
• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth
• As infants age some of their bones fuse together
  forming the 206 bones of an adult

72
How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones
• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth
• As infants age some of their bones fuse together
  forming the 206 bones of an adult

73
How strong are bones?
74
How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one
  fifth the weight

75
How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one
  fifth the weight
• But bones do break

76
How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one
  fifth the weight (calcium phosphate is 2/3 wt.
  1/3 is collagen ,
• osteocytes,
• and other cell
• types
• But bones do
• break

77
How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one
  fifth the weight
• And your skeleton shape can be changed

78
The parts of the skeleton

• COLOR CODE ON YOUR WORKSHEET!

79
The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton

80
The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton
• Supports brain, spinal cord, and organs in
  ventral cavity

81
The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton
• includes
• 1-- skull
• cranium 8 bones

82
The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton
• includes
• 1-- skull
• cranium 8 bones
• face 14 bones

83
The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton
• includes
• 1-- skull
• cranium 8 bones
• face 14 bones
• hyoid 1 bone (u shaped bone base for muscles of
  larynx, tongue, pharynx
• ears 6 bones

84
The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton
• includes
• 2 -- Vertebral Column
• spine 24 bones (C7, T12, L5)
• sacrum 1 bone
• coccyx 1 bone

85
The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton
• includes
• 3 -- Thorax
• ribs 24 bones
• sternum 1 bone

86
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton

87
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• this is the system of bones that include the
  limbs and the bones that attach them to the axial
  skeleton

88
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• 2 scapula, right and left
• 2 clavicle, right and left

89
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• 2 humerus
• 2 ulna
• 2 radius
• 16 carpals
• 10 metacarpals
• 28 phalanges

90
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• 2 humerus
• 2 ulna
• 2 radius
• 16 carpals
• 10 metacarpals
• 28 phalanges

91
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• 2 humerus
• 2 ulna
• 2 radius
• 16 carpals
• 10 metacarpals
• 28 phalanges

92
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• pelvic girdle 2 bones

93
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs

94
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs
• femur 2 bones

95
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs
• femur 2 bones
• patella 2 bones
• (knee)

96
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs
• femur 2 bones
• patella 2 bones
• lower leg
• tibia 2 bones
• fibula 2 bones

97
The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton
• Includes
• pectoral girdle
• upper limbs
• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs
• femur 2 bones
• patella 2 bones
• lower leg
• ankle/foot
• tarsals 14 bones
• metatarsals 10
• phalanges 28 bones