The Scientific Revolution

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The Scientific Revolution
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Things Arent Always What They Seem
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Aristotles Universe
Motion Rest is natural. Heaven Earth The
heavens are different stuff from Earth light,
airy, and perfect Matter Earth, Air, Fire,
Water Method Deduction (proceed from a few
basic premises, use logic to find the truth)
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Ptolemy

• The Almagest
• Geocentric
• Cycles and Epicycles
• Perfect Spheres and Circles

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Magic
Alchemy iron to gold? the elixir of
life? Astrology the stars affect the lower
nature Witches demons in the air
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Nicholas Copernicus(1473-1543)
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Anti-Copernican Attacks
The Bible Joshua commanded the earth to stand
still The Earth too massive to move! Motion
why dont objects spin off? Moon how can the
moon orbit the earth and the sun at once?
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Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)Danish Royal Astrologer
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Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
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The Telescope
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Conflict with the Church Pope Urban VIII
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Isaac Newton (1642-1727)The Principia
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First Law of Motion
"Every object continues in its state of rest or
of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it
is compelled to change that state by forces
impressed upon it. "
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Second Law of Motion
"The acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the net force acting on the
object, is in the the direction of the net force,
and is inversely proportional to the mass of the
object."
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Third Law of Motion
"Whenever one object exerts a force on a second
object, the second object exerts an equal and
opposite force on the first."
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Science Progress? My criticism of modern
science is that it inhibits freedom of thought.
-- P. Feyerabend, philosopher More science in a
socially stratified society tends to intensify
social stratification. -- S. Harding,
philosopher Women have been more systematically
excluded from doing serious science than from
performing any other social activity except,
perhaps, frontline warfare. -- S. Harding,
philosopher
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From the New York Times, Jan. 8, 1996 - AIP
report on physicists' salaries According to the
American Institute of Physics, in 1994 the median
annual salary of a PhD physicist was 64,000, up
4000 from 2 years ago. A smaller rise was seen
in salaries of Masters degree recipients, 51,000
from 50,000. Salary differences among physicists
reflect their work sector, education and years of
experience, as well as sex and locale. Hospitals
and medical services pay the highest median
salaries - 77,000 for PhDs and 71,000 for MAs.
Industry, that employs 1/5th of PhDs and 1/3rd of
MAs pays median salaries of 75,000 and 60,000.
Four-year college employees are the least well
paid among the PhDs, earning about 45,000 a
year. Like the two previous surveys, the 1994
survey found that women in nearly every work
sector earn less than their male colleagues, even
when years of experience are factored in. Among
industry and government employees, e.g. women's
salaries are 12-15 percent lower than men's. Only
among assistant professors is there no such
disparity. There is also a gender gap in the
proportion of younger PhD holders working part
time 6.5 of women versus 3.0 of men.
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