The Scientific Revolution

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The Scientific Revolution

• 3.06 Compare the influence of religion, social
  structure, and colonial export economies on North
  and South American societies.
• 3.07 Evaluate the effects of colonialism on
  Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe.
• 4.01 Analyze the causes and assess the influence
  of seventeenth to nineteenth century political
  revolutions in England, North America, and France
  on individuals, governing bodies, church-state
  relations, and diplomacy

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Causes of the Scientific Revolution

• By mastering Greek, European humanists were able
  to read newly discovered works by the
  philosophers Ptolemy, Archimedes, and Plato.

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Causes of the Scientific Revolution

• New technology such as the telescope and
  microscope enabled individuals to make new
  scientific discoveries.
• The printing press helped spread new ideas
  quickly and easily.

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Causes of the Scientific Revolution

• Advances in mathematics made calculations easier
  and played a key role in scientific achievements.
• Advances in algebra, trigonometry, and geometry
  allowed scientists to demonstrate proofs for
  their theories.

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Scientific Breakthroughs

• Astronomers of the Middle Ages constructed a
  model of the universe called the Ptolemaic system
  after the astronomer Ptolemy.
• The Ptolemaic system is geocentric because it
  places Earth at the center of the universe.

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Scientific Breakthroughs

• During the Scientific Revolution, Nicolaus
  Copernicus offered the heliocentric theory, which
  put the sun at the center of the universe.

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Scientific Breakthroughs

• Johannes Kepler added to this theory by
  confirming the central position of the sun and
  adding information about the elliptical orbits of
  the planets.

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Scientific Breakthroughs

• Galileo Galilei used a telescope to observe
  mountains on the moon, sun spots, and new moons
  in the heavens. His ideas were revolutionary and
  brought him into conflict with the Catholic
  Church.

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You Tube Lecture Notes

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v_Y-svkL6zdofeature
  PlayListp9AE74FB5C0030112index3
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vuaVov1Zci6wfeature
  PlayListp9AE74FB5C0030112index4

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Scientific Breakthroughs

• Isaac Newton explained how the planets
  continually orbit the sun. Central to his
  argument was the universal law of gravitation.
• Newtons ideas created a new picture of the
  universe. He is often considered the greatest
  genius of the Scientific Revolution.

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Scientific Breakthroughs

• Breakthroughs in medicine occurred as scientists
  learned about human anatomy from dissections. New
  ideas about organs and blood flow replaced older
  fallacious understandings.
• In chemistry, Robert Boyle conducted controlled
  experiments on the properties of gases.
• Antoine Lavoisier invented a system for naming
  chemical elements that is still used today.

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Womens Contributions

• Despite overwhelming obstructions from
  male-dominated societies, women also contributed
  to the Scientific Revolution.
• Margaret Cavendish wrote against the new ideas
  that man could use science to master the natural
  world.
• Maria Winkelmann made contributions to astronomy,
  including the discovery of a comet.

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Philosophy Reason

• René Descartes was a French philosopher who is
  known as the father of rationalism.
• Rationalism is based on the belief that reason is
  the chief source of knowledge.

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Philosophy Reason

• An English philosopher named Francis Bacon
  developed the scientific method.
• The scientific method was a systematic procedure
  for collecting and analyzing evidence that was
  crucial to the evolution of science.
• Bacon believed that scientists should not rely on
  the ideas of ancient authorities, but rather
  reach conclusions by using inductive reasoning.

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Vocabulary 1

• Heliocentric literally, sun-centered the theory
  of the universe proposed in 1543 by Nicholas
  Copernicus, who argued that the earth and planets
  revolve around the sun

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Vocabulary 2

• Rationalism a system of thought expounded by
  René Descartes based on the belief that reason is
  the chief source of knowledge

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Vocabulary 3

• scientific method a systematic procedure for
  collecting and analyzing evidence that was
  crucial to the evolution of science in the modern
  world