Vindkraftvrker, fysik og udfordringer

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Vindkraftværker, fysik og udfordringer

• Henrik Kudsk
• Vestas Business Academy

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Agenda

• Basis omkring vindenergi set fra et fysisk
  perspektiv
• Hvordan er en moderne vindmølle bygget
• Net krav
• Fysiske udfordringer - store dimensioner
• Egen frekvenser
• Spørgsmål

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Wind power

• The sun radiates 174.000 TW to earth
• 1-2 is converted to wind
• 0,02 is converted to bio mass

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Hvor blæser det mest
Gennemsnitlig vindhastighed i Europa
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Wind Power and Power Curves
Wind power
Power
Pitch variable speed Active stall
Rated power
Passive stall
Max Power ½ A v3 ? Cp

• A is area
• v is velocity (wind speed)
• ? is air density
• Cp power coefficient

m/s
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Why does the turbine rotate
Lift
Low pressure
High pressure
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Main parts of a wind turbine
Blade
Nacelle
Hub
Tower
Foundation
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The classic design
Metrological instruments
Cooler
Gearbox
Main shaft
Main bearing
Hub with spinner
Generator
Yaw system
Coupling
Brake
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Different layouts
V52
V82
V90/3MW
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Connecting the blade to the hub
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Pitching the blades individually
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A wind turbine gearbox
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Variable speed control system
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Medium and high voltage components
Grid
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Electric power path to consumers
400,000 V
Power station
20,000 V
Transformer station
Consumer
400/ 230 V
60,000 V
Transformer station
Transformerstation
20,000 V
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Fault ride through
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Development of Vestas turbines
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The large offshore turbines

• Enercon E112
• Rotor 114m
• Power 4.5 MW
• Nacelle weight (excl rotor) 450 to.

V120 Nacelle weight 145 tonnes Rotor weight 65
tonnes
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Eigen frequencies
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Transport
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The end - Questions?