A Troubled Nation Expands

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CHAPTER 19

• A Troubled Nation Expands
• Outward, 1893 - 1901

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The Panic of 1893 and Its Effects

• Panic of 1893
• 600 banks and 15,000 businesses failed
• 2.5 million unemployed
• Sherman Silver Purchase Act repealed
• Wilson-Gorman Tariff also fails to help
• Coxeys Army came to Capitol demanding jobs
• Police dispersed, arrested Coxey
• Pullman Strike
• Eugene V. Debs of the A.R.U.
• Violence put down by police and National Guard
• Debs jailed
• Court injunction used as strike-breaking weapon

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Great Railway Strikes sketch
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The Panic of 1893 (cont.d)

• Republicans prevail in 1894 elections
• Hard times bring economic and social unrest
• Tycoons take over failing companies,
  concentrating wealth even further
• J.P. Morgan
• Reform campaigns
• Increases in womens clubs, suffrage, and
  prohibition supporters

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The Pain of Hard Times

• Experiments alter city and state governments
• Courts continue to protect big business
• Pragmatism grows in popularity
• Realism evolves as literary form
• Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser
• Booker T. Washington
• Supreme Court upholds Plessy v. Ferguson
• White attempts at Americanizing Indians almost
  wipe out Native American culture

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Foreign Policy Challenges

• Conditions in Hawaii, Venezuela, and Cuba bring
  suitability of Monroe Doctrine into question
• William Randolph Hearst
• Election of 1896
• William Jennings Bryan
• Cross of Gold
• William McKinley
• Democrats shaken up by McKinleys easy victory,
  and Republicans domination

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Election of 1896
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War with Spain and Overseas Expansion

• Spanish-American War
• Causes include sinking of Maine, yellow
  journalism, Spanish abuses, and Delôme letter
• Americans appear eager for war
• George Dewey
• Rough Riders
• Battle of San Juan Hill
• Peace treaty August 12, 1898
• U.S. gained Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines
• Treaty of Paris

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Spanish American War
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Overseas Expansion (cont.d)

• Four-year rebellion in Philippines ensues
• Imperialism re-emerges as national issue
• Open Door policy in China leads to Boxer
  Rebellion
• Righteous and Harmonious Fists
• America looks again to building canal in Central
  America

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1900 Election and a New Century

• McKinley begins second administration amid great
  hopes for future
• Theodore Roosevelt as running mate
• Nation debates proper direction for new century
• Organization of unions appears to be on horizon
• International Ladies Garment Workers Union
• National Civic Foundation

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Discussion Questions

• What were the causes of the Panic of 1893? What
  did the government do to alleviate the financial
  hardships of this period?
• Who was Booker T. Washington? What was his role
  in civil rights in the 1800s?
• Who were the candidates and what were the issues
  of the Election of 1896?
• What were the causes of the Spanish-American War?
  What role did the war play in making America an
  imperial power?