Phonology: The Context

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Phonology The Context
Foundation Skills Cognition Play
Socialization
Pragmatics
Phonology
Semantics
Semantics
Metalinguistics
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Phonology

• Definition study of the Suprasegmental and
  Segmental aspects of Language
• Suprasegmental melody of the language
• intonation, rhythm, stress, inflection, rate,
  pitch
• paralinguistic
• Segments Sounds of the language, vowels and
  consonants
• Concepts
• 1. Sequence Related to Semantics/Syntax
• 2. Sequence of Acquisition for Syllables, Vowels
  and Consonants
• 3. Recording

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Developmental Progression

• Pre-First Word
• Babbling
• Echolalia
• Vocalic or Phonetically Consistent Forms
• Holophrases
• Telegraphic
• Phrases
• Sentences
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex

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Phonology

• 2 Concepts
• Receptive/Expressive
• Children comprehend the melodic aspects before
  the individual sounds
• Phonemic/Paralinguistic awareness before
  production
• Syllables
• initial syllable shape CVCV, CV

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Suprasegmental Development

• Term refers to PROSODIC FEATURES
• Term includesintonation, rhythm, stress,
• Develops before the first word
• In echolalia child sounds like the utterance
  is adult-like. Thats the suprasegmental
  patterns of English
• Hearing Impaired Children do not exhibit this
  ability

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Vowel Acquisition

• Nucleus of the syllable
• Vowels develop first
• front-back /i,a/
• triangle /i,u,a/
• quadrangle /i,u,a, ae/
• dipthongs
• By age 3, all vowels

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Phonology

• Consonants
• Explanation associated with feeding and
  visibility
• Class Development by Manner
• plosives, nasals, glides /w/
• first fricative /h/
• Class Development by Place
• usually frontal sounds /p/b/m/
• as well as alveolar sounds /t,d,n,l/
• other sounds /k/, /g/. /?/
• by Voicing presence/absence of laryngeal tone

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Consonant Blends

• Clusters (blends) syllable shape ccv,cccv,
• in speechvcc (plurals), vccc (ants)
• Cluster (Blend) combinations are /l/, /r/, /s/
• Phonological Process
• Epenthesis (adding a vowel)
• Cluster reduction
• Cluster deletion
• In reading blends are called Diagraphs

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Consonant Acquisition

• Developmental Mastery
• Age of Development or Age of Acquisition or Age
  of Customary Production
• An age-range for sound acquisition
• Sander, Prathers
• Age of Mastery
• Templin, Wellman, Poole
• regardless of Linguist, by the Age 8

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Age Sound Age of Development RANGE Age of Mastery Mastered
3 /p/ lt2-3 3
/m/ lt2-3 3
/b/ lt2-3 3
/n/ lt2-3 3
/w/ lt2-3 3
/h/ lt2-3 3
4 /k/, /g/ 2-4 4
/d/, 2-4 4
/f/, /v/ 2-4 4
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Sound Frequency of Occurrence

• Vowels
• 1. Unstressed schwa
• 2. /I/
• 3. /i
• 4. /E/
• 5. /ai/
• 6. /ae/ asp
• 7. /ou/
• 8. /e/
• 9/ a/
• 10. ought

• Consonants
• 1. /n/
• 2. /r/
• 3. /t/
• 4. /m/
• 5. /s/
• 6. /d/
• 7/ /w/
• 8. /l/
• 9. /k/
• 10. /z/

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Phonology

• Recording Options
• 1. Transcription Phonemic (Broad //)
• Phonetic (Narrow )
  
  
• 2. Distinctive Features of Place, Manner,
  Voicing
• 3. Phonological Processes used for either
  describing normally developing or delayed
  sound development.

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Distinctive Feature Terms

• Place
• Front /p/,/b/,/m/, /f/, /v/, /0/,
• Mid /t/, /d/, /l/, /n/ /s/,/z/, sh
• Back /k/, /g/, ng
• Glottal /h/
• Manner
• Plosives
• Fricatives
• Affricates
• Nasals
• Approximants
• Liquids
• Glides
• Voicing

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Phonological Processes

• Linguists Hodson, Ingram, Weiner, Blache,
  others,
• Processes

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Suppression of Phonological Processes

• Disappearing by Age 3
• Unstressed Syllable Deletion
• Final Consonant Deletion
• Assimilation
• Reduplication
• Fronting
• Prevocalic voicing (b/p)
• Diminutization

• Persisting After Age 3
• Cluster Reduction
• Epenthesis b li/blid
• Gliding
• Stopping
• Depalatalization
• Final Voicing

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Emergent Literacy Skills

• 1. Physical
• 2. Cognitive-Linguistic
• Answering Questions
• Retelling stories
• 3. Metalinguistic Phonemic Awareness-
• Related to PHONOLOGY

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Phonology-Emergent Literacy Connection

• The recognition of the sound-symbol relationship
  is critical to early success in reading
• Recognition begins at the sentence level with
  segmentation and proceeds to the word-
  syllable
  sound levels

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End of Phonology Notes
light
turning
rocket
/S/
/b/