Chapter Four

1
Chapter Four

• Farming and Industry

2
Opening up the West

• New Frontiers Homestead Act 1862
• 160 acres to anyone to farm for 5 years
• Oklahoma Land Rush 1889
• 1869 first transcontinental Railroad
• Cowboys cowhands filled the West (117)
• Railroads and Gold Rush filled California
• Pacific Railroad Act 1862 Union and Central
  Pacific meet at Promontory Point, Utah. (119)

3

• Second Great Removal Removed all Western
  Natives to S. Dakota or Oklahoma.
• Dawes Act of 1887 gave land to individuals and
  not Native nations this broke down their
  culture and promoted non-loyalty to the tribe.

4
Rise of Industrialism

• Steel making and technology Edison created the
  light bulb and harnessed electricity for domestic
  use.
• Patents 1790-1860 there were 36,000, but from
  1860 -1900 there were 670,000.
• Telegraph, electric motor, typewriter, lighting,
  etc.
• Refrigerated box cars changed national diet

5

• Traveling salesmen, grocery stores, large
  clothing stores
• Consumerism making people want to buy items
  because of necessity
• Big Business and the merger
• J.P. Morgan Banking and Carnegie Steel
• Rockefeller Standard Oil and Vanderbilt - RR
• Gilded Age new money, wealth, prosperity
• Darwinism natural selection, the strongest will
  survive

6
Populism and Protest

• Populist Party save ag. from industry
• Demand v Supply
• Improved techniques, large acreage, cheap labor
  (1870s)
• Plagues and drought
• Grangers v RR freight Farmers Alliance
• Populist Crusade 1892 depression 4 million
  unemployed
• Populists revolt Jacob Coxey
• William Jennings Bryan v McKinley (Big Business)
• Populist did not have strong Southern support
  because they integrated.

7
Labor and Violence

• Unions created power in numbers for wages and
  working conditions
• 1867 Knight of St. Crispin
• 1877 First RR strike
• Knights of Labor Tailors 1886 700,000
• Sam Gompers and the American Federation of Labor
  (AFL) were segregated
• Haymarket Square Protest 8 hour workday
• Violence by police Protester throws a bomb
• 7 dead and 67 wounded

8

• Homestead Strike Carnegie reduced wages
  unannounced violence and striking. Guards had
  to be hired.
• Pullman Strike 1/3 wage cut, yet store prices
  and rent remained fixed. Eugene V. Debs and the
  American Railway Union help boycott trains with
  the Pullman sleeping car. President Cleveland
  sent in troops.
• Union leaders did not agree collectively, and
  therefore had little national power
• Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Halted Chinese
  immigration. More jobs higher wages.

9
U.S. Expansion Again?

• Monroe Doctrine 1823 The US will not tolerate
  European affairs in Western Hemisphere.
• Northwest Territory taken from Hudsons Bay Co.
  in 1846
• Land acquired in Mexican/American War
• Civil War years (137)
• Sec of State Seward Expansion (137-38)
• U.S. seized Midway Island as a route to Asia
• Bought Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million
  Sewards Folly
• Hawaii (Queen Lilioukalani) U.S. coup to overtake
  government in 1893.

10
Spanish American War - 1898

• Cuba fighting for Independence from Spain
• Rebels v Spanish troops
• U.S.S. Maine is sunk! Spanish? Accident?
• U.S. goes to war U.S. Navy under George Dewey
  and infantry/rough riders take San Juan Hill.
• Armistice August 12 U.S. gained Guam, Puerto
  Rico, and the Philippines for 20 million? Cuba
  was freed. Basically U.S. imperialism Monroe
  Doc.
• Splendid Little War U.S. is a World Power