World Depression to a World War

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World Depression to a World War
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Types of Government

• Anarchy- No organized government at all
• Aristocracy- Rule by a hereditary elite
• Confederacy- A number of smaller areas banded
  together under one loose government
• Communism (Totalitarianism)- all property is
  owned cooperatively and collectively, by the
  community as a whole, and all people have equal
  social and economic status and rights
• Democracy/Republic- government run by elected
  representatives
• Dictatorship- Absolute rule by one leader
• Fascism (Nazism)-Right-wing dictatorship,
  importance of nation over individual
• Meritocracy- Rule by merit or natural abilities
• Monarchy- Rule by a king or a queen, usually of
  one family or dynasty
• Plutocracy- government run by those with the most
  wealth
• Socialist- the state owns and controls most
  activities for the equal good of all people
• Theocracy- Government by religious leadership or
  priesthood.

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Rise of the Dictator

• Promise economic prosperity
• Look to expansion
• Militarism
• Place blame for troubles on scapegoat

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WANTEDBenito Mussoliniaka Il Duce (The
Leader)

• Fought/Wounded WWI
• Felt Italy shortchanged
• Joined veterans in Fascist party
• Created Blackshirts to terrorize and control
  those who opposed him
• 1922 so powerful King of Italy appointed him
  Prime Minister
• Fascists suspended Elections, outlawed all other
  political parties
• Established dictatorship

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WANTED Adolph Hitler aka der Fuhrer

• Wounded in WWI
• Enraged by outcome of WWI
• Joined National Socialist German Workers Party
  (Nazi)
• Charismatic and powerful speaker
• 1923 tried to overthrow govt./failed/jailed-
  wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• Believed Germany weakened by certain groups.
  (Jews/Gypsies/Non-Aryans), Strengthen military
  and expand borders Purify Aryan race
• Ideas won him large following
• Became Head of State
• Silenced opposition, suspended civil rights and
  appointed dictator by Reichstag

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Big Trouble, Little Europe

• Both Dictators wanted to expand National Borders
• 1936 Germany into Rhineland- West of Germany-
  part of Belgium/France
• Violated WWI Versailles Treaty
• Hitler Mussolini signed alliance- created axis
  between Rome and Berlin- Axis Powers
• Axis powers would later add Japan

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Building the German Empire

• No confrontation in Rhineland, so
• Looked to Austria- moved in troops
• Britain/France protested
• Hitler- issue of the German people
• Wanted Sudetenland- east of Czechoslovakia- lots
  of Germanic people
• Germany/Italy/France/GB- Munich Conference
• Britain/France- policy of appeasement (give in to
  demands to keep peace)
• Hoped Hitler would be satisfied

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Winston Churchill

• Member of British Parliament
• Britain and France had to choose between war and
  dishonor, they chose dishonor, they will have
  war.
• Later to become Prime Minister

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Hitler HungryNeed More

• Annexed rest of Czechoslovakia
• Mar. 1939 France and GB pledged to protect
  Poland- Allies
• Hitler signed treaty with Soviet Union
• Invaded Poland Sept. 1939
• Sept. 3 1939 France and GB declare war on Germany

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Blitzkrieg Lightning War

• Tanks, artillery, and soldiers moving by
  truck/train
• Overran Poland in less than month
• Soviet Union attacked east Poland
• Sitzkreig- sit-down war quiet after Poland
• France buildup at Maginot Line- border w/Germany
• Germany into Norway and Denmark
• Then France, Netherlands Belgium
• British retreat to Dunkirk, flee on makeshift
  fleet of 900 vessels

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German Invasion of Western Europe
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Battle of Britain

• We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on
  the landing grounds, we shall fight in the
  fields, we shall fight in the hills we shall
  never surrender. WC
• Germans launch 1,000 planes a day
• Royal Air Force fly 6-7 missions a day
• Never in the field of human conflict was so much
  owed by so many to so few. WC
• Blitzkreig of Britain ended June 1941- 30,000
  British dead, 120,000 wounded

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Battle of Britain
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And the United States Did What?

• US declared neutrality in Europes affairs
• Did actions in WWI make a difference?
• Had enough problems at home already
• Policy of Isolationism
• America First Committee- 800,000 members
• Neutrality Acts- US withhold weapons and loans
  from all nations at war
• Any nonmilitary purchases- CASH/buyer pays
  shipping- Cash and Carry
• FDR began to ease restrictions- old Destroyers
  for bases in Britain territory
• First Peacetime draft- Selective Service
• War supplies to Britain- no payment
• Lend-Lease Act (1941)- aid any nation President
  felt was vital to US interests

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Start of WWII Timeline

• July 1921- Hitler becomes leader of National
  Socialist 'Nazi' Party
• 1923 Beer Hall Putsch
• 1925 Mein Kampf
• 1929 Oct. 29, Black Tuesday
• 1933 Hitler becomes dictator, boycott Jewish
  stores, book burning open Dachau
• 1934 Hitler becomes Fuhrer
• 1936 Troops into Rhineland, Italy into Ethiopia,
  Civil War in Spain, Franco declared head of Spain
• 1937 Stalin purges Red Army Generals
• 1938 Germany into Austria
• 1939 Germany into Czechoslovakia, Germany signs
  treaty w/Soviets. GB/France treaty w/Poland
• 1939 Germany into Poland- GB, France,
  Australia/NZ War w/Germany
• US declares neutrality- Canada declares vs.
  Germany
• Soviets into east Poland
• 1940 Germany into Norway, Denmark, Finland,
  Netherlands, Holland, Belgium
• Invade France and attack Britain