Reform, Resistance, Revolution

1
Reform, Resistance, Revolution

• Chapter 5

2
Pontiacs War

• Kings Proclamation (1763)
• Pontiacs War (1763)
• - Indians were united
• - small-pox blankets

3
peace in 1764

• Ottawa Chief Pontiac accepted the English as his
  brothers with the understanding that the English
  did not own the land, but were merely leasing it.
  
• The English went along with this provision, but
  with no intention of keeping to it

4
Pontiacs Assassination, April 20, 1769

• Whether it was jealousy of his favor with the
  English or just a desire to destroy the power of
  a legendary warrior, Pontiac was murdered in 1769

5
Reform taxation of the colonies

• Seven Years War bankrupted England
• Parliament passes Sugar Act of 1764
• Quartering act of 1765

6
The Controversial Stamp Act

• Army costs Indian gifts
• Stamp Act of 1765
• - all legal documents papers void unless
  officially stamped
• - affects all colonists
• - taxation without representation
• - British rule w/out consent

7
Resistance to the Stamp Act

• Newspapers Legislatures
• Sons of liberty
• no one used stamps
• - united colonist

8
Repeal of Stamp Act

• Franklin urges Parliament
• Repeal of tax
• - detrimental to Englands commerce

9
Townshend Act of 1767

• Imposed new duties on certain imports from
  Britain tea, paper, glass, paint etc

10
Strategies of resistance

• Boston Gazette called for nonimportation
• Sons of Liberty
• British send 1,000 troops to Boston

11
The Boston Massacre

• soldiers civilians collide
• Sons of Liberty
• - 11-yr old boy dies (1770)
• tensions reach climax
• Colonists Soldiers clash
• - 5 civilians killed
• - guards stand trial

12
Britain repels Townsend duties, 1769 (except tea)

• Nonimportation success
• 1770-73- calm relations

13
Tea Tax of 1773

• East India Company
• Tea Act would save East India com.
• - eliminated all taxes on tea except the three
  pence Townsend tax
• - British tea would be cheapest

14
Boston Tea Party

• Resistant to Tea act mounts
• tax monopoly
• Sons of liberty
• - dump tea in Harbor (1773)

15
Coercive acts

• Parliaments Coercive acts
• Intolerable Acts
• With Mass under military control, the stage was
  set for armed resistance

16
Battles of Lexington Concord

• Colonial supplies at Concord
• Gage sends troops (04/1775)
• Massachusetts Minutemen
• Paul Revere
• meet troops at Lexington

17
Battles of Lexington Concord
18
Battles of Lexington Concord

• British picked off on return (275 casualties)
• Charges of British tyranny spread
• What was important about the battles of Lexington
  Concord?

19
1st Continental Congress

• response to the Coercive Acts (1774)
• 1st congress- Sept 1774
• - endorsed nonimportation
• - petitioned king not parliament
• - agreed to meet again

20
Continental Congress

• 2nd Continental Congress- May 1775
• - formed continental army
• - no longer see themselves as Englishmen
• - declared independence
• Was the congress a govt?

21
Struggle for middle colony loyalties

• By 1776, many favored independence
• Royal govts
• Thomas Paines Common Sense
• - What did Pains pamphlet urged Americans to
  do?
• - there is something absurd in supposing a
  continent to be governed by an island

22
Independence

• Taxation without representation
• England was waging war against colonists
• Self defense demanded a permanent separation

23
July 4, 1776

• 2nd Continental Congress approves Jeffersons
  Declaration of Independence
• (A-1)

24
Betsy Ross, 1776