Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution

• Definition greatly increased output of
  machine-made goods that began in England in the
  18th century.
• Textile A cloth, especially one manufactured by
  weaving or knitting a fabric.
• England had small farms. Bought up
• by large landowners.

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Beginnings

• Large enclosures forced new technology - did what
  to peasants?
• Jethro Tull and Seed Drill
• Crop Rotation / Breeding led to more available
  food/resources. Leads to?

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Britain

• Advantages of Britain
• Large population (pop. Increase)
• Nat. Resourcescoal, iron, H2O, rivers, harbors
• Military stability on home land
• Factors of Production
• Land, Labor, Capital

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Economics

• Enterprise
• -business
• -shipping
• -mining
• -railroads
• -factories

• Capital
• -money
• -investments

Who or what are entrepreneurs?
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Questions

• In what ways did geographical features assist
  industrial progress in England?
• In what ways did humans change their environment
  for industrial progress?
• Which natural characteristics were most important
  for the industrial revolution?

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Factors of Production Land Labor Capital

• Britain takes the lead

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Revolution in the textile industry

• Shift from the cottage industry to the factory
  system (power source?)
• 1).Harvest and clean the fiber or wool
• 2). Spin it into threads
• 3). Weave the threads into cloth
• 4). Sew the cloth into clothes
• New machinery led to England taking the lead.

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Critical Inventions

• 1733 John Kay The flying shuttle (weaving)
• Mechanized, allowed for automatic looms
• 1760s James Hargreaves The spinning jenny
  (improved spinning wheel)
• Reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn
• 1793 Eli Whitney The cotton gin

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Other Imp. Inventions

• James Watts improved steam engine led to canals,
  shipping, etc. Who originally designed the steam
  engine? For what purpose?
• New road systems -turnpikes
• George Stephenson - locomotive. Led to
  Manchester-Liverpool (16 mph, fast). Railroads
  expanded quickly.
• Why are railroads important?

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• Replica of "The Rocket"

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Impact on society

• Population boom
• (1750) European pop 140 million
• (1850) European pop 266 million
• Urbanizationgrowth of cities movement of people
  to cities
• (1800) London 1 million
• (1850) London2.5 million

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Impact on society

• Late 1800s nobles became the rich upper class
• New Industrial Middle class
• Lower class workers

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Living

• Government non-interaction
• Garbage, police, crowding.
• Life span, medical problems.
• Women and child labor eventually curbed.

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One room tenement
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Factories

• Avg. work day 14 hours.
• Avg. work week 6 days, if not 7.
• Benefits?
• Child/Women Labor
• Cotton factories
• Coal mining

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Liberal Movements in Response

• Labor laws to help workers
• Formation of Unions
• New ideas/movements/isms
• Socialism, Utopias

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Reform (Enlightenment Ideas)

• Factory Act 1833 limited child labor
• Illegal under 9, limited hours for others
• Mines Act 1842 limited women/children in mines
• Ten Hours Act 1847 take a guess
• Schooling

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Union and Reform Movements

• Union The act of uniting or the state of being
  united.
• Collective Bargaining (negotiations) leads to
• strikes. Ineffective until skilled workers unite
  with unskilled. Why?
• Combination Acts (1799, 1800)
• Repealed in 1825

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Luddites

• Textile workers
• Why would they resist the mechanization of the
  textile industry?
• Smashed machines, burned factories
• Widely supported

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Unitedin the Industrial Revolution

• Causes
• Demand for more goods
• Need to meet the demand
• New developments in machinery
• New developments in industry
• Mass production
• New Factories
• New Jobs
• Urban development
• Industrial Revolution

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Response of the working class

• Socialism, utopian communities ?
• 1848 Marx and Engels published The Communist
  Manifesto
• The poor or proletariat will control M.O.P.
• Social classes melt away ? stateless society
• Workers of the world unite
• Predicted England would be first (most ind.)
  happened in Russia ironically
• Revolution not reform

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Marxian socialism

• 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published
  The Communist Manifesto
• The poor or proletariat will control M.O.P.
• Social classes melt away ? stateless society
• Workers of the world unite
• Predicted England would be first (most ind.)
  happened in Russia ironically
• Revolution not reform