Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

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Chapter 1Introduction to Chemistry

• Charles Page High School
• Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

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Section 1.1Chemistry

• OBJECTIVES
• Define chemistry and differentiate among its
  traditional divisions.

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Section 1.1Chemistry

• OBJECTIVES
• List several reasons to study chemistry.

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What is Chemistry?

• The study of matter, its composition,
  properties, and the changes it undergoes.
  Everyday life?
• Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry to attain
  certain goals, in fields like medicine,
  agriculture, and manufacturing
• Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge for the sake of
  knowledge

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5 Major Areas of Chemistry

• Analytical Chemistry- concerned with the
  composition of substances.
• Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with
  substances without carbon
• Organic Chemistry- essentially all substances
  containing carbon
• Biochemistry- Chemistry of living things
• Physical Chemistry- describes the behavior of
  chemicals (ex. stretching)

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Chemistry is

• central to modern science, and to almost all
  human endeavors.
• important to all sciences - biology, geology,
  physics, engineers, etc.
• a natural science.
• a language with its own vocabulary.
• a way of thinking.

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Why Study Chemistry?

• everyone and everything around us involves
  chemistry
• What in the world isnt Chemistry?
• helps you make choices
• possible career for your future
• used to attain a specific goal
• Do you remember pure and applied chemistry?

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Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide

• OBJECTIVES
• Summarize ways in which chemistry affects your
  daily life.

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Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide

• OBJECTIVES
• Describe the impact of chemistry on various
  fields of science.

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Chemistry Far and Wide

• Materials- perfume, steel, ceramics, plastics,
  rubber, paints, nonstick cooking utensils,
  polyester fibers
• Energy- greater demands
• conserve it, or produce more
• fossil fuels, solar, batteries, nuclear (dont
  forget pollution!)

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Chemistry Far and Wide

• Medicine and Biotechnology-
• vitamin C, penicillin, aspirin
• materials for artery transplants and hipbones
• Human Genome Project
• bacteria producing insulin
• cloning

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Chemistry Far and Wide

• Agriculture- worlds food supply
• plant growth hormones
• ways to protect crops
• disease resistant plants
• The Environment- both risks and benefits involved
  in discoveries
• carbon dioxide, ozone, warming

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Chemistry Far and Wide

• Astronomy and Space Exploration-
• composition of the planets
• analyze moon rocks
• planet atmospheres
• life on other planets?

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Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist

• OBJECTIVES
• Describe the steps involved in the scientific
  method.

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Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist

• OBJECTIVES
• Distinguish between a theory and a scientific law.

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The Scientific Method

• A logical approach to solving problems or
  answering questions.
• Starts with observation- noting and recording
  facts
• hypothesis- an educated guess as to the cause of
  the problem, or a proposed explanation

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Scientific Method

• controlled experiment- designed to test the
  hypothesis
• only two possible answers
• hypothesis is right
• hypothesis is wrong
• Generates data observations from experiments.
• Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

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• Cycle repeats many times.
• The hypothesis gets more and more certain.
• Becomes a theory
• A thoroughly tested model that explains why
  things behave a certain way.

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
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• Theory can never be proven- due to new
  information
• Useful because they predict behavior
• Help us form mental pictures of processes (models)

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
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• Another outcome is that certain behavior is
  repeated many times
• Scientific Law is developed (math?)
• Describes how things behave
• Law- tells how
• Theory- tells why

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
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Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
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Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry

• OBJECTIVES
• Explain why learning chemistry requires daily
  effort.

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Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry

• OBJECTIVES
• Describe the importance of writing in the study
  of chemistry.

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How to Study Chemistry

• Understanding and Applying Concepts
• requires effort on your part
• read materials carefully
• take thorough notes you can use
• study often and effectively
• quiet, well-lit, remove distractions

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How to Study Chemistry

• Understanding and Applying Concepts
• chemistry has a language of its own, so learn
  the vocabulary
• look around you, and make the connection to the
  level of atoms and molecules

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How to Study Chemistry

• Using Your Textbook
• name chemical compounds
• write chemical formulas
• interpret graphs
• techniques to solve problems
• Use your Teacher and Textbook!

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How to Study Chemistry

• Using Your Textbook
• take good notes
• solve Practice Problems
• read, keeping objectives in mind
• use the Chem ASAP! CD-ROM
• Student Study Guide (p. 24)
• section summaries Key Terms

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How to Study Chemistry

• On Your Own
• go beyond the textbook
• make flashcards
• reread and rewrite notes
• quiz yourself and classmates
• form a study group
• ASK, ASK, and ASK

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How to Study Chemistry

• Tests and Quizzes
• cramming never a good idea
• set aside a certain amount of time every day
• get enough rest daily nutrition
• read tests carefully / thoroughly
• do easy problems first
• show work, and evaluate answer