Chapter%201%20Outline

1
Chapter 1 Outline

• Chemistry Matter and Change
• Introduction to Chemistry

2
I. Branches of Chemistry

• Chemistry -the study of matter and the changes it
  undergoes (particularly interested in energy
  changes)
• Organic Chemistry - the study of carbon
  containing compounds (once thought to be just the
  study of compounds having a living source) - now
  contains synthetic compounds like plastics

3

• Inorganic Chemistry- may contain some short
  carbon chained molecules but basically does not
  contain carbon
• Physical chemistry- covers the topics of
  thermodynamics and kinetics as well as other
  topics

4

• II. Properties of Matter
• Mass - has the property of inertia
• a) Inertia - the resistance to change of motion
• b) Weight - is the measurement of force of
  gravity between two objects
• Density - another property of matter how much
  matter is in a specific volume

• Analytical Chemistry - deals with the components
  and composition of substances
• Biochemistry - matter and processes of living
  organisms (proteins, fats, lipids, enzymes)
• D mass/volume

5

• Energy - property of all matter that under the
  right conditions can do work
• a) potential - energy of position
• b) kinetic - energy of motion
• question - evaluate the picture to the right in
  terms of kinetic and potential energies

6
III. Scientific Method

• Science - is the search for knowledge
• a) pure science - gain knowledge for the sake of
  knowledge itself
• b) applied science - knowledge to solve a
  specific problem

7
A systematic approach

• Observe - environment around you and ask a
  question
• Collect data - may take notes then form a
• Hypothesis - an initial educated guess why
  phenomena occurs
• Experiment - to prove of disprove hypothesis

8

• Analyze - evaluate the data collected
• Theorize - after many experiments conclude that a
  cause an effect are likely - may be modified by
  new data
• Scientific law - after years of experiments no
  know exceptions to the theory occur

9
IV. Designing a Good Experiment

• An experiment is a carefully controlled procedure
  that tests a hypothesis/ A good experiment has
• a) an independent variable - one thing that is
  changed ..and is studied for its effect on
• b) the dependent variable - the factor that
  results of the independent variable -- is
  measured in the experiment

10

• c) a control - a standard of comparison for all
  the experimental entries
• d) constants - factors that are kept the same
  through the experiment ( everything that is
  possible to keep constant except for the
  independent variable should be kept the same)

11
Constructive Response

• Three friends argue over which brand of microwave
  popcorn is best. Billy says that Big Pop is the
  tastier, Joe claims that Jiffy Pop is the best,
  while Sue insists that Red Devil is great!
• Design an experiment that will settle the
  dispute. Be sure to include a description of the
  experiment using the terms control, constant,
  independent and dependent variable.