HumanRobot Interaction

1
Human-Robot Interaction

• Jean Scholtz
• Information Access Division
• National Institute of Standards and Technology
• jean.scholtz_at_nist.gov

2
HRI compared to HCI

• Whats different in HRI
• physical interaction of robot with real-world
• tasks that the user is engaged in
• autonomous nature of robot
• dynamic nature of robot
• different relationships of user- robot (roles)
• What are the implications of this
• more/different types of information that need to
  appear in the user interface

3
Introducing Roles

• Roles reflect the current and future use of
  robots
• Roles can support evolution of robot autonomy
• Roles can be used to simplify investigations into
  the information/interactions that are needed in
  HRI
• User interfaces can be defined by deciding what
  roles that particular user will play

4
Roles

• Operator
• what we currently view as the HRI role
• Supervisor
• monitors a number of robots at an abstract level
• Team mate
• works along side the robot
• Mechanic
• fixes physical aspects of the robot
• Bystander
• exists in the same environment with the robot
• All roles (except bystander) could be assumed by
  one person
• All roles could be played by different people-
  but simultaneously

5
7 stages of HCI - Norman
Goals Intentions Actions Perception Evaluati
on
Gulf of execution and Gulf of evaluation
6
Proposed models for different roles
Goals Intentions Actions Perception Evaluati
on Software Hardware
Goals Intentions Actions Perception Evaluation
Operator
Supervisor
Mechanic
Goals Intentions Actions sub A Perception Eval
uation
Peer
Bystander
7
How to support HRI roles?

• Determine information needed to support different
  roles
• user goals, plans
• robot world model
• changing status of robot
• current status of user
• Other role interactions happening at the same
  time
• Develop different presentations of information
• Develop interaction modes suitable for various
  roles

8
Example

• FTIG
• Pilot study to examine autonomous mobility
• Which also means we need to examine operator
  intervention
• Situation
• Robot was going far off of the way points
  specified
• Operator intervened when called by robot but kept
  it in teleop mode for sometime
• I have no idea what robot will do if I put it
  back in autonomous mode
• Only info available was current robot status,
  camera views
• What had happened was that GPS unit was
  malfunctioning

9
Challenges

• How to design for the future
• evolution of robot autonomy should be
  accommodated in our interaction models
• How to evaluate
• Different missions different roles different
  domains play a role
• Can we come up with guidelines, principles and
  evaluation methods to guide design of systems?
• How to organize research so that it can have
  greater impact