American History I Liberty, Equality

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American History ILiberty, Equality Power
When Old Worlds Collide Contact, Conquest
Catastrophe

• Chapter 1

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Ancient Journeys to the Americas

• How many years ago did glaciers cover much of the
  earth?
• - Created a Land Bridge which connected Siberia
  to Alaska

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Bering Strait
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Ancient Journeys to the Americas

• A. Small numbers survived harsh winters
• B. As Glaciers melted people settled throughout
  the Americas
• - When did people settle in South America?

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Indian Settlement of America
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methods of survival

• hunters gatherers
• - bison, mastodons, berries, nuts etc
• - the spear point
• farming fishing
• - dugout canoes
• When did the Neolithic Revolution occur?
• - permanent farm villages civilizations

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Europe in the 15th Century

• Age of Exploration
• Motives of exploration
• - 3 gs
• What made journeys possible?
• - advancements
• - Gutenbergs printing press

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Portuguese explorationSpice trade of the Indies

• Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)
• - What did he begin?
• - Christianity new trade opportunities
• Portuguese exploration / Africa
• - set up trading forts (1471)

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Portuguese exploration (continue)

• The search for an all water route to Asia
• Bartolomeu Dias/ Cape of Good Hope
• Vasco de Gama/ route to India
• - May 1498- port of Calicut
• - objective- Christians spices

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Spanish exploration voyages to the new world

• Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
• A. Italian/ financed by Ferdinand Isabel
• 1. Nina, Pinta, the Santa Maria
• 2.discovery of a new world
• 3 later voyages (1493-1504)
• Death
• - believed he reached India

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Explorations (continue)

• John Cabot- 1498/ King Henry VII
• - New England coastline
• Orders from King Henry VII
• discover and investigate whatsoever islands,
  countries, regions or provinces of heathens and
  infidels in whatsoever part of the world which
  before this time were unknown to all Christians

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Explorations (continue)

• Pedro Cabrals discovery of Brazil
• Amerigo Vespucci- letters of the new world/ South
  America
• - labeled America
• - significance of voyage
• Irony of New World

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Treaty of Tordesillas- 1494
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Spanish Conquests

• Spanish conquests in Americas
• - most powerful nation in Europe by mid-16th
  century

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Spanish Policy in New World

• Queen Isabel- policy of Encomienda
• Forced labor starvation
• At least ½ died to disease (small pox, typhus,
  measles)
• - Encomienda abolished (1542)

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Spanish in Asia

• Ferdinand Magellan- 1520
• A. sought western route to Asia
• B. How did Magellan make history?
• C. landed at Philippines- fight erupts
• - death of Magellan 40 crewman
• D. other ship sails around the world
• E. significance of voyage

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Magellans voyage around the world
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African slave trade

• European exploration of African coastline
• need for slaves in new world
• - plantations laborers
• - labor slaves native Americans
• 1518- Spanish ship transports slaves to New World
  (1st time)
• - life on slave ship

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Slave trade continue

• 10 million slaves to New World between 16th
  19th century
• It is estimated that how many slaves were
  stripped from Africa?

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Sorrow of slave trade

• Tragic loss for millions of Africans
• - families sold into slavery
• - abandoned families/ 20 children
• Justification?

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A look at the AmericasThe New World

• 1000 BC 1532 AD

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Mayan Civilization
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The Mysterious Maya(500 800s)

• Mayan power- (Yucatan) / farmers
• Religion- polytheistic
• - human sacrifice- necessary/ POWs etc
• - What were the Mayas the 1st to record?
• - left records of activities
• 800- decline
• A. growing pop / overuse of land

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Aztecs(1100 1519)

• 12th century- arrival valley of Mexico
• - Aztecs were known as?
• Aztec Empire- population 4 million
• - monarch- Moctezuma
• - city-states- allowed freedom
• - robbers

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Aztec (continue)

• Human sacrifice
• - led the way
• - delay final destruction
• Pyramids- in honor of sun god
• - filled with gold
• - overlook cities markets

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Destruction of Aztec Civilization

• 1400 1519 - Aztec domination of Mex.
• Cortes- 1519, led Spanish ex. to Mexico
• - received friendly welcome
• - European view of Indians
• - Moctezumas belief of Cortes
• - relationship deteriorates

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Destruction Aztec (continue)

• fighting erupts
• - Moctezuma taken hostage
• - Aztec strength/ drove Spaniards out
• - Cortes regroups
• - disease hits Aztec empire
• - destruction of Aztec pop, temples cities

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Incas Empire 1500
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Conquest of the Incas(1450 1532 CE)

• Conquered western coast of South America
• A. stretched 12,000 miles / roads bridges
• B. oral commands
• C. ruled 12 million people (unmatched)

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Fall of Incas

• Spanish arrival in central Andes
• A. led by Francisco Pizarro
• B. guns v. arrows
• C. diseases
• D. When did the Incas fall to the Spanish
  forces?