Gross Anatomy

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Gross Anatomy

• The best way to learn anatomy is a combination of
  coloring the anatomy book and hands-on labs.
• Thus there will be no lecture on this topic
• Use the following notes figures as prompts and
  reminders, rather than as a laundry list to be
  memorized.

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Terms of Reference
If you speak Spanish, you may find the following
mnemonics useful Rostral (rostro means face)
Ventral (vientre means tummy) Caudal (cola
means butt)
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Terms of Reference
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Like a loaf of bread
Like a hamburger (horizon)
Like an apple
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Central Sulcus
Lateral Fissure
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Terms describing anatomical structures A bundle
of axons in the Central Nervous System TRACT
(e.g., optic tract) in the Peripheral Nervous
System NERVE (e.g., optic nerve) A collection
of cell bodies in the Central Nervous System
NUCLEUS (e.g. nucleus accumbens) in the
Peripheral Nervous System GANGLION (exception
basal ganglia are in the CNS) Gray matter - cell
bodies White matter - myelinated axons Gyrus
ridge or protuberance on surface of the
brain Sulcus groove on surface of brain between
gyri Fissure long, deep sulcus
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Localize the following structures medulla, pons,
cerebellum, midbrain (superior colliculus,
inferior colliculus substantia nigra, ventral
tegmental area, red nucleus), 3rd ventricle,
pineal gland, mamillary body, pituitary gland,
optic chiasm, thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus
callosum, fornix, cingulate gyrus
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Locate Spinal Cord Medulla Pons Cerebellum Centra
l sulcus, lateral fissure, Lobes, Brocas area,
Primary auditory, motor, and somatosensory
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Basal Ganglia
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VENTRICLES - Two lateral, a third and a fourth
ventricle, central canal - filled with
cerebrospinal fluid MENINGES cover brain and
spinal cord - dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia
mater
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BRAINSTEM

• HYPOTHALAMUS 4 Fs(feeding, fighting,
  fleeing,sex)
• MIDBRAIN
• VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (reward, motivation)
• SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (motor function, Parkinsons
  Disease)
• PONS (arousal reticular formation),
• MEDULLA (respiration, heart rate, salivation)

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Vertebra of Spinal column
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Spinal cord cross-section

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Nissl-stained rat brain
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