PCa PowerPoint Presentation

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A COMMUNITY OUTREACH PRESENTATION By
Melvin McDaniels A Prostate
Cancer Survivor
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A COMMUNITY OUTREACH Presentation
"This presentation is for general
information purposes only and is not intended as
medical advice. Medical advice regarding prostate
cancer and its appropriate treatment should only
be obtained from a qualified licensed physician.
Anyone needing medical advice and treatment
should consult their personal physician."
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Prostate Cancer
A COMMUNITY OUTREACH PRESENTATION

• Facts That Every Man Over 40 Should Know

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• The prostate is part of the male reproductive
  system
• Its major function is to secrete a fluid to
  nourish semen during intercourse
• The prostate is about the size of a walnut but it
  can grow with age
• It is located below the urinary bladder, in front
  of the rectum surrounding the urethra (the canal
  for the discharge of urine that extends from the
  urinary bladder to the outside)

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WHAT IS THE PROSTATE GLAND?
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What Is Prostate Cancer?
What do we know about prostate cancer?
Not Much! But lets find out more.
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• Cancer is a cellular disease
• It is a disordered and abnormal cell growth
• In prostate cancer, as in other types of cancer,
  cells grow out of control and form tumors
• If the tumor is within the gland, the cancer is
  said to be localized and curable
• If the cancer escapes the gland it is considered
  incurable
• Early detection before the cancer escapes the
  gland becomes very important

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EARLY DETECTION AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT
WHEN THE CANCER IS LOCALIZED CAN
POSSIBLY SAVE YOUR LIFE
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Possible Levels of Prostate Cancer At Diagnosis
Systemic Spread
Local-Regional Disease Spread
Lymph Node
Other Organs
Tumor
GLAND PROSTATE
Bone
Tumor
CAPSULE
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What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

• You might not have any at all!
• Often there are none, or they are not recognized
• Major symptoms
• Urinary frequency
• Slow urinary flow
• Painful urination
• Blood in urine or semen
• Impotence
• Lower back or thigh pain

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How Significant Is Prostate Cancer?

• In the USA, 230,110 men will be diagnosed with
  prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every
  3 minutes
• Prostate cancer deaths are estimated at 29,900
  That is one death every 18 minutes
• Source Cancer Facts and Figures 2004- American
  Cancer Society

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How much of a threat?

• Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed non-skin
  cancer in American men and the second leading
  cause of cancer death .

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Who Is at Most Risk?

• Prostate cancer is almost twice as common in
  African-American men than in Caucasian men
• African Americans are more than twice as likely
  to die when diagnosed than Caucasian men

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Who Is at Most Risk?
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Who Is at Most Risk?
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Prostate cancer risk factors

• Age The risk increases with age, but 25 of
  diagnoses are made under age 65.
• Race African-Americans have a rate of incidence
  double that of Caucasian men
• Family history of prostate cancer Men with a
  family history have two- to three-fold increase
  in the risk of prostate cancer
• Diet A diet high in saturated animal fat can
  double the risk of developing prostate cancer.

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Risk Factors

• AGE RISK
• 45 49 23 per 100,000
• 50 54 103 per 100,000
• 55 59 273 per 100,000
• 60 - 64 568 per 100,000
• 65 1,000 per 100,000
• Source SEER Incidence rates
  1992 - 1996

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Risk Factors
RACE Incidence Death Afr.-Am. 230
.3 55.0 Cauc. 153.5 24.1 Hisp.
106.7 16.8 Asian 91.3
11.1 Source Rates per 100,000 and
age-adjusted. SEER incidence and U.S. cancer
death rates, 1990-95, in Cancer 82 1197-207,
1998 (SEER NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
End-Results Program
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Risk Factors

• FAMILY HISTORY
• 2.4 times increased risk for men with a
  first-degree relative
• (Spitz, et al, Familial patterns of prostate
  cancer A case-control analysis, J Urol, 1991,
  1461305-1307)

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Risk Factors
DIET

• Eating red meat increases the risk of developing
  prostate cancer 2.64 times
• Red meat and dairy products are high in
  saturated fat rich in arachidonic acid (a fatty
  acid)
• Vegetable oil is rich in alpha linolenic acid (a
  fatty acid)
• By-products of these fats promote the growth and
  seriousness of prostate cancer
• Eating a diet high in fats also lowers the
  bodys defenses

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So what CAN I eat?

• A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables!
  (5 servings/day)
• Lower your intake of red meat, processed and
  fried foods. Eat more plant-based food like soy
  protein.
• Watch portion sizes (3 oz meat/serving)
  
• Eat foods with lycopene (tomatoes, watermelon and
  red grapefruit) which may be associated with a
  decreased risk of prostate cancer

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How does early detection help?

• Survival rate at 5 years is 99 for those whose
  cancer is still just in the prostate gland
  (localized).
• Survival rate at 5 years for those whose cancer
  has spread beyond the gland (late diagnosis) is
  only 31

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How to Avoid an Advanced Stage
DiagnosisEarly Detection is the AnswerMen
Assuming Responsibilityfor Their Health
PSA

DRE
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What You Should Know About the PSA Test

• PSA is checked by a blood test
• The real value of the PSA test is in testing year
  to year and observing the rate of change
  
• Medical opinion is divided about the usefulness
  of a single PSA
• One test out of range could be caused by other
  problems
• PSA is not prostate cancer specific

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Why do I have to have a DRE?

• In the DRE the doctor examines you by feeling the
  prostate gland through the rectum with his finger
  (digit)
• DRE improves the value of PSA testing in early
  disease detection
• DRE and PSA together are often able to detect
  prostate cancer better and sooner than either
  test alone

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When do I need to start getting tested?

• DRE 45 years and older every year (Us
  TOO International guidelines
• PSA 45 years and older every year
  (Us TOO International guidelines)
• If family history of prostate cancer and/or
  African-American 40 years and
  older every year

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What if the doctor doesnt offer PSA and DRE?
I would like to be screened for prostate cancer

• Some doctors do not offer these tests to men at
  risk
• These men have the right to request to be tested
  annually if so desired
• You may have to insist on being tested

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Be a man!

• Take responsibility for your health!
• Ask your doctor for a copy of your results. The
  normal range for PSA is 0.0 to 4.0 ng/ml. (This
  is just a guideline range)
• Knowing your PSA number lets you help track
  your own health.
• Do not accept your PSA is fine from your doctor
  without getting a copy of the real number.

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What if my PSA is high?

• Infection needs to be ruled out
• Antibiotics are prescribed to rule out infection
• Free-PSA ratio test - Ordered if PSA remains high
  after antibiotics. It helps detect the presence
  of prostate cancer. A free-PSA ratio of 15 or
  less indicates a high probability of prostate
  cancer
• Ultrasound and biopsy examination may be ordered
  if the Free-PSA ratio indicates possible cancer

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In Case of a Diagnosis With a Positive Biopsy

• Do not panic, learn your treatment options by
  contacting your healthcare professional chapter.
• Get a second opinion on the biopsy sample by
  a pathologist specializing in prostate cancer.
  Your treatment decision depends on a good
  assessment of the biopsy material
• Get a second opinion about your diagnosis and
  treatment options from an unbiased specialist in
  prostate cancer treatment
• For more information call 1-800-80-US TOO or
  access their website at http//www.ustoo.com

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Decision Time

• Watchful waiting (based on age)
• Radical Prostatectomy
• Laparoscopic Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Cryosurgery
• High Intensity Focused Ultrasound
  (unavailable in US)
• Hormonal therapy
• Chemotherapy

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Do Your Research

• American Cancer Society www.cancer.org
• National Cancer Institute
  www.cancer.gov
• Oncology Care International www.oncli.com
• Prostate Cancer Support www. us
  too.com

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Treatments for Prostate Cancer

• Radical Prostatectomy Removal of entire
  prostate gland and nerves
• Radiation Therapy High-energy rays to kill or
  shrink cancer cells
• Brachytherapy confined dosage of radioactive
  seeds inserted directly into the prostate while
  minimizing healthy tissue damage

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Treatments for Prostate Cancer

• Cryosurgery freezes abnormal cells of the
  prostate with a metal probe
• Hi Intensity Ultrasound not available in US
• Hormone Therapy Decreases the androgen
  (testosterone) levels in the body
• Chemotherapy Anticancer drugs injected into a
  vein or taken by mouth

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Side Effects from Treatments

• Incontinence Loss of bladder control or
  dribbling
• Bowel problems - Burning and rectal pain and/or
  diarrhea
• Impotence Could last for 3 months or longer

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The Outlook
"While the number of men diagnosed with prostate
cancer remains high, survival rates are also
improving. Over 90 of men diagnosed with the
disease will survive at least five years, while
63 will survive 10 years or longer. The
increased number of treatment options make this
possible
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THANK YOU
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THANK YOU

• ANY QUESTIONS?
• Melvin McDaniels
• 864-704-8892
• mbm313_at_charter.net
• For more information call 1-800-80-US TOO or
  access their website at http//www.ustoo.org