PCa PowerPoint Presentation

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HEY YOU!
Wake-up man
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Hey, Smart Guy!
Can you guess who can get prostate cancer?
Not you?
Well, guess again any male can get prostate
cancer
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THIS PRESENTATION IS SPONSORED BY
US TOO! INTERNATIONAL, INC
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Prostate Cancer

• Facts That Every Man Over 40 Should Know

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WHAT IS THE PROSTATE GLAND?
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• The prostate is part of the male reproductive
  system
• Its major function is to secrete a fluid to
  nourish semen during intercourse
• The prostate is about the size of a walnut but it
  can grow with age
• It is located below the urinary bladder, in front
  of the rectum surrounding the urethra (the canal
  for the discharge of urine that extends from the
  urinary bladder to the outside)

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What Is Prostate Cancer?
Not Much!
What do you know about prostate cancer?
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What is Cancer anyway?
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• Cancer is a cellular disease
• It is a disordered and abnormal cell growth
• In prostate cancer, as in other types of cancer,
  cells grow out of control and form tumors
• If the tumor is within the gland, the cancer is
  said to be localized and curable
• If the cancer escapes the gland it is considered
  incurable
• Early detection before the cancer escapes the
  gland becomes very important
• EARLY DETECTION AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT WHEN THE
  CANCER IS LOCALIZED CAN POSSIBLY SAVE YOUR LIFE

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Possible Levels of Prostate Cancer At Diagnosis
Systemic Spread
Local-Regional Disease Spread
Lymph Node
Other Organs
Tumor
GLAND PROSTATE
Bone
Tumor
CAPSULE
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What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

• You might not have any at all!
• Often there are none, or they are not recognized
• Major symptoms
• Urinary frequency
• Slow urinary flow
• Painful urination
• Blood in urine or semen
• Impotence
• Lower back or thigh pain

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How Significant Is Prostate Cancer?

• In the USA, 230,110 men will be diagnosed with
  prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every
  3 minutes
• Prostate cancer deaths are estimated at 29,900
  That is one death every 18 minutes
• In Texas, an estimated 11,600 new cases were
  reported in 2002.
• Source Cancer Facts and Figures 2004- American
  Cancer Society and Texas Department of Health

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How much of a threat?

• Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed non-skin
  cancer in American men and the second leading
  cause of cancer death .

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Who Is at Most Risk?

• Prostate cancer is almost twice as common in
  African-American men than in Caucasian men
• African Americans are more than twice as likely
  to die when diagnosed than Caucasian men

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Prostate cancer risk factors

• Age The risk increases with age, but 25 of
  diagnoses are made under age 65.
• Race African-Americans have a rate of incidence
  double that of Caucasian men
• Family history of prostate cancer Men with a
  family history have two- to three-fold increase
  in the risk of prostate cancer
• Diet A diet high in saturated animal fat can
  double the risk of developing prostate cancer.

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Risk Factors

• AGE RISK
• 45 49 23 per 100,000
• 50 54 103 per 100,000
• 55 59 273 per 100,000
• 60 - 64 568 per 100,000
• 65 1,000 per 100,000
• Source SEER Incidence rates
  1992 - 1996

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Risk Factors
RACE Incidence Death Afr.-Am. 230
.3 55.0 Cauc. 153.5 24.1 Hisp.
106.7 16.8 Asian 91.3
11.1 Source Rates per 100,000 and
age-adjusted. SEER incidence and U.S. cancer
death rates, 1990-95, in Cancer 82 1197-207,
1998 (SEER NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
End-Results Program
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Risk Factors

• FAMILY HISTORY
• 2.4 times increased risk for men with a
  first-degree relative
• (Spitz, et al, Familial patterns of prostate
  cancer A case-control analysis, J Urol, 1991,
  1461305-1307)

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Risk Factors
DIET

• Eating red meat increases the risk of developing
  prostate cancer 2.64 times
• Red meat and dairy products are high in
  saturated fat rich in arachidonic acid (a fatty
  acid)
• Vegetable oil is rich in alpha linolenic acid (a
  fatty acid)
• By-products of these fats promote the growth and
  seriousness of prostate cancer
• Eating a diet high in fats also lowers the
  bodys defenses

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So what CAN I eat?

• A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables!
  (5 servings/day)
• Lower your intake of red meat, processed and
  fried foods. Eat more plant-based food like soy
  protein.
• Watch portion sizes (3 oz meat/serving)
  
• Eat foods with lycopene (tomatoes, watermelon and
  red grapefruit) which may be associated with a
  decreased risk of prostate cancer

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PREVENTION

• Selenium supplements in the organic form
  grown in yeast. (200 mcg)
• In randomized studies this dose reduced the
  incidence of prostate cancer 63
• Natural vitamin E (50 IU)
• Shown in clinical trials to reduce the risk of
  prostate cancer by 40

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How does early detection help?

• Survival rate at 5 years is 99 for those whose
  cancer is still just in the prostate gland
  (localized).
• Survival rate at 5 years for those whose cancer
  has spread beyond the gland (late diagnosis) is
  only 31

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How to Avoid an Advanced Stage
DiagnosisEarly Detection is the AnswerMen
Assuming Responsibilityfor Their Health
PSA

DRE
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No Warning!

• Since symptoms can be caused by other conditions
  annual testing is KEY!
• Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a blood test
• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), a physical exam
• Basic tools to find Prostate Cancer EARLY!

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What You Should Know About the PSA Test

• PSA is checked by a blood test
• The real value of the PSA test is in testing year
  to year and observing the rate of change
  
• Medical opinion is divided about the usefulness
  of a single PSA
• One test out of range could be caused by other
  problems
• PSA is not prostate cancer specific

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Why do I have to have a DRE?

• In the DRE the doctor examines you by feeling the
  prostate gland through the rectum with his finger
  (digit)
• DRE improves the value of PSA testing in early
  disease detection
• DRE and PSA together are often able to detect
  prostate cancer better and sooner than either
  test alone

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When do I need to start getting tested?

• DRE 40 years and older every year
  (American Cancer Society guidelines)
• PSA 50 years and older every year
  (American Cancer Society
  guidelines)
• If family history of prostate cancer and/or
  African-American 45 years and
  older every year (American Cancer Society
  guidelines)

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What if the doctor doesnt offer PSA and DRE?

• Some doctors do not offer these tests to men at
  risk
• These men have the right to request to be tested
  annually if so desired
• You may have to insist on being tested

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Be a man!

• Take responsibility for your health!
• Ask your doctor for a copy of your results. The
  normal range for PSA is 0.0 to 4.0 ng/ml. (This
  is just a guideline range)
• Knowing your PSA number lets you help track
  your own health.
• Do not accept your PSA is fine from your doctor
  without getting a copy of the real number.

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What if my PSA is high?

• Infection needs to be ruled out
• Antibiotics are prescribed to rule out infection
• Free-PSA ratio test - Ordered if PSA remains high
  after antibiotics. It helps detect the presence
  of prostate cancer. A free-PSA ratio of 15 or
  less indicates a high probability of prostate
  cancer
• Ultrasound and biopsy examination may be ordered
  if the Free-PSA ratio indicates possible cancer

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In Case of a Diagnosis With a Positive Biopsy

• Do not panic, learn your treatment options by
  contacting your local US TOO prostate cancer
  support group chapter.
• To locate a local chapter call 1-800-80-US TOO
  or access their website at http//www.ustoo.com
• Get a second opinion on the biopsy sample by a
  pathologist specializing in prostate cancer. Your
  treatment decision depends on a good assessment
  of the biopsy material
• Get a second opinion about your diagnosis and
  treatment options from an unbiased specialist in
  prostate cancer treatment