44-43 BCE: potestas and auctoritas

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44-43 BCE potestas and auctoritas
Octavian30s BCE
Mark Antony1st century BCE
Marcus Tullius Cicero1st century BCE
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The iconography of the young conqueror
Alexander of Macedon1st c. BCE Roman copy of a
4th c. BCE bronze
Octavian30s BCE
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• Their conquests
• Augustus empire, 14 CE
• Alexanders empire, 323 BCE

orbis terrarumcircle of the lands ?
?????µ???the inhabited world
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Ara Pacis Augustae, Altar of Augustan Peace
13-9 BCE
Commemoration of Augustus conquests over Spain
and Gaul in 13, and the pax Augusta in 9
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Prima Porta Augustusafter 20 BCE
Commemoration of Augustus receipt of the
legionary standards from the Parthians in 20
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Gemma Augustea, Augustan Cameo ca. 10s-20s CE
Commemoration (lower scene) of raising standards
after unspecified conquest over northern tribes
(Germans?)
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Augustus as Vindex Libertatis, 28 BCE
Obverse Imp(erator) Caesar divi f(ilius)
co(n)s(ul VIlibertatis r(ei) p(ublicae)
vindex Emperor Caesar, son of the divine
(Caesar), consul for the 6th time (28 BCE),
redeemer of the freedom of the res publica
Reverse Pax (Peace) personified
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Augustus in 28 BCE
Reverse Leges et iura p(opulo) R(omano)
restituitHe restored to the Roman people their
laws and rights Obverse (not shown) Imp(erator)
Caesar divi f(ilius) co(n)s(ul) VICommander
Caesar, son of the Deified, consul for the 6th
time(Caesars bust depicted wearing a laurel
wreath)
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Augustus and the Shield of Virtue, 19 BCE
Obverse Caesar AugustusReverse S(enatus)
P(opulus) q(ue) R(omanus) cl(ipeum)
v(irtutis)The Senate and the Roman people
dedicated the shield of virtue
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Shield of Virtue, 27 BCE, from Arles
SenatusPopulusque RomanusImp(eratori) Caesari
divi f(ilio) AugustoCo(n)s(ul) VII dedit
clupeumvirtutis clementiaeiustitiae pietatis
ergadeos patriamque
The Senateand the Roman peopleto Commander
Caesar Augustus, son of the Divine,in his 6th
consulship (26 BCE, gave the shield of
virtue,clemency, justice, pietyfor his
actionstowards the gods and the fatherland
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Livy ab urbe condita, praefatio 9a res publica
founded in morality

• to demonstrate what the mores were and by
  what kind of men and by what practices both in
  domestic politics and war Romes imperium was
  brought forth and increased until the dark
  dawning of our modern day when we can suffer
  neither our vices nor their remedies
  (Galinsky, Augustan Culture, 59)

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Fragment of fresco, Tomb of the Fabii, Esquiline
Hill, 3rd c. BCE
The conscious display of fides
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Libertas personifiedIdes of March and the
pileus, 43-42 BCE
Obverse ReverseMarcus Iunius Brutus,
pileus (cap of freedom),descendant of the
founder daggers of the
assassinationof the res publica and
eid(ibus) Mar(tis)Caesars assassin
Ides of March
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Boscoreale cups, ca. 12-14 CE Augustus on curule
chair, holding globe, followed by Mars and seven
provinces personified, turning towards Venus, who
holds Victoria and is followed by Roma and the
Genius Populi Romani (Roman people personified)
Boscoreale cups, ca. 12-14 CE Augustus as
imperator, on military commanders stool,
extending his hand to barbarians and their
children
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First Book of the First Decad The Histories From
the Foundation of the City by Titus Livius of
PataviumParis, 1543