Urbanization, Immigration, and the Changing American City

1
Urbanization, Immigration, and the Changing
American City
2
Immigration

• Historians and Immigration
• Uprooted and assimilation
• New Social history
• Ethnic pluralism
• Ethnic subculture and more complex assimilation
• Transnationalism
• Maintaining ties to homeland
• 19th-Century migrations
• Europe, Asia, Mexico
• Push and Pull factors
• Changing composition
• 1840-70 from NW Europe (8m)
• 1870-1917 from SE Europe (22m)
• Less English speaking
• Less Protestant
• Urbanization
• 2/3 foreign born lived in cities
• Social structure and neighborhoods
• Diversity

3
Immigration Backlash

• 1790 Naturalization Law limited citizenship to
  whites
• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
• Excluded immigration of Chinese laborers
• Impact of Chinese Exclusion
• Population decline
• Gender imbalance /Bachelor society
• Ghettoization
• Impeded assimilation
• Anti-European Immigration
• Madison Grants Passing of the Great Race
• Army IQ Tests
• Scientific evidence of immigrant inferiority
• National Origins Act1921 and 1924
• 3 of 1910 census (1921)
• 2 of 1890 census (1924)
• Asians excluded / Mexicans exempt

4
Who, What, and Why of Progressivism

• Crisis of 1890s
• discredited traditional ideas of role of
  government class conflict party politics
• city govt unable to cope
• Americans confront changes produced by
  industrialization
• improve conditions of life
• create social stability and order
• Not a single coherent movement
• a mass response to various problems
• issue driven effort

5
Progressive Ideology Ethos

• Accepted industrial capitalism
• Faith in progress optimism
• Belief in use of govt to reform society
• changed definition of liberalism
• Drew Upon Evangelical Protestantism
• Social gospel infused morality
• Faith in New Ideas and Science
• Power of experts

6
Urban America

• Changed political power structure
• Recall, initiative, citywide election
• New forms of urban govt
• Commission city manager
• Municipal Ownership
• City Beautiful
• White City (1893)

7
Women and Urban Life

• From Separate spheres to Public Sphere
• Hull House and Jane Addams
• middle-class womens clubs
• Katherine Edson as example
• Urban Society and Woman Suffrage
• Inherent rights argument
• Municipal housekeeping argument
• 19th Amendment
• Prostitution and Prohibition

8
Leisure and the City

• Life on the Streets
• Commercialization of Leisure
• Sports and Movies
• Amusements

9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Web Links

• http//memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/italia
  n3.html
• http//teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigrati
  on/index.htm http//library.thinkquest.org/20619/
  http//memory.loc.gov/learn/lessons/index.html
  http//www.cmp.ucr.edu/collections/permanent/proj
  ects/stereo/immigration/default.html
  http//www.poeticwaves.net/ http//ehistory.osu.
  edu/osu/mmh/response/ http//ehistory.osu.edu/osu
  /mmh/rams_horn/ http//www.idbsu.edu/socwork/dhuf
  f/history/gallery/Gallery-JR/welcome.htm
  http//www.idbsu.edu/socwork/dhuff/history/centra
  l/core.htm http//www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modul
  es/progressivism/index.cfm http//www.gilderlehrm
  an.org/teachers/module14/index.html
  http//lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/cicho
  me.html http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/featur
  es/port/start.html