Title: Goal 5.01: Immigration
1Goal 5.01 Immigration Urbanization1870 - 1914
- Introduction
- Immigration
- Immigrant
- Push Factor
- Pull Factor
- Old Immigrants
- New Immigrants
- Jews
- Traveling to America
- Ellis Island, NY
- Angel Island, CA
- Settlement of Immigrants
- Religious Pluralism
- Culture Shock
- Americanizing the Immigrants
- Schools
- Urbanization
- Reasons to Move to the City
- Problems with Urban Society
- Reform Movements
- Social Gospel Movement
- Settlement Houses
- Jane Addams
- Rise of Nativism
- Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
- Yellow Peril
- Gentlemans Agreement, 1907
- Political Machine
- Boss Tweed
- Tammany Hall
- Thomas Nast
- The Gilded Age
- Patronage
- Merit System
- James Garfield
- Stalwarts
- Charles Guiteau
- Chester A. Arthur, 1881 1885
25.01 NC Competency Goals
- 5.01 Evaluate the influence of immigration and
rapid industrialization on urban life.. - Student Objectives
- By the end of this chapter, students will be able
to - Compare contrast the different groups of people
who immigrated to the United States - why they
immigrated the problems they experienced - Evaluate the impact of urbanization
- Analyze the effect of immigration rapid
industrialization on urban life - Explain how immigrants contributed to American
life - Evaluate the role of local governments
determine the effects of political machines - Analyze the effectiveness of legislation passed
to decrease the amount of corruption in
government
3Introduction
- Immigration to the US increased during the late
1800s - Immigrants helped make the United States the
diverse society it is today - The rapid growth of cities created new problems
- Poor living conditions, overcrowding,
pollution - Political corruption on all levels of
government will lead to reform - Many of these reforms paved the way for how
government is run today
4Immigration
- Movement of people from one country to another,
permanently - Immigrant Person who moves from one country to
another, permanently - Between 1820-1920, over 33 million people
immigrated to the USA - There are many reasons why someone might leave
their homeland for another - Push Factor Reasons that push someone to leave
their homeland - Pull Factor Reasons that pull someone to
another country
5Push Pull Factors of the 1800s
- Push Factors
- Irish Failed potato crop famine, cultural
persecution by the English (1840s-1850s) - Germans Economic depression political unrest
(1840s-1850s) - Scandinavians Poverty, shortage of farmland
(1870s-1900s) - Italians Poverty shortage of farmland
(1880s-1920s) - Jews from E. Europe Political oppression
religious persecution poverty (1880s-1920s)
- Pull Factors
- Chance to have a better life
- Religious political freedom
- More jobs with good pay
- Streets are paved with gold
- Everyones dreams come true in America
- Land
- Education
- Free from fear of violence
6European Immigrants
- How Many 20 million
- Before 1890
- Old Immigrants
- From North West Europe
- England, France
- After 1890
- New Immigrants
- From South East Europe
- Balkans, Italy, Austria
- Where Settled
- Most on the East Coast
- Some to the Midwest
7Asian Immigrants
- How Many 200,000 by 1920
- Treated poorly
- Gentlemens Agreement
- Japan voluntarily limited immigration to the USA
- Where Settled
- West Coast (California)
- How Many 300,000 by 1890
- Work
- Transcontinental Railroad
- Manual unskilled labor
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- Prohibited all Chinese laborers from entering the
country for 10 years b/c of job competition - Where Settled
- West Coast
8Mexican Immigrants
- How Many 200,000 by 1910
- National Reclamation Act
- Encouraged immigration to the West to open new
farm land - Gets more people farming in the West
- Where Settled
- Southwest
- Arizona, Texas, New Mexico S. California
9Russian Jews
- The Jews were leaving Russia in large numbers due
to religious political persecution
10Coming to America
- Most immigrants traveled by steamship
- From Europe 1 week
- From Asia 3 weeks
- Traveling conditions were very bad
- Overcrowded, unsanitary, no air, lice, no toilets
or running water, often kept in cargo holds
11Welcomed by the Statue of Liberty, many
immigrants felt relief excitement, eager to
begin their new lives
- Give me your tired, your poor,
- Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
- The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,
- Send these, the homeless, tempest- tost, to me,
- I lift my lamp beside the golden door
12Ellis Island, NY
- Immigration inspection station on the East Coast
- Processed most European immigrants
- Processing could take hours, maybe a day or two
- Physical Exam Contagious home
- Documentation Check
- Literacy Exam
- Ability to Work
- 25 Good Luck
- Processed 200,000 million immigrants
- 1905 11,000 processed per day
13Angel Island, CA
- Immigration station on the West Coast
- Processed most Asian immigrants
- Processing could take days or weeks
- Immigrants kept in awful conditions
- Filthy worn down
- Detainees rioted in 1919, protested the bad
conditions treatment they received - Harsh questioning long detentions
14Religious Pluralism
- Refers to the many different religions immigrants
bring to the US - Irish Catholic
- Asian Buddhist
- Russian Jewish, Orthodox
15! Culture Shock !
- Confusion resulting from living in a culture
different from your own - Many immigrants suffered from this as many
American customs were different than their own - Immigrant customs were found to be strange,
weird, scary or dangerous by American standards
16Ethnic Communities
- Immigrants with a common background living in the
same neighborhood - Chinatown, Little Italy, the Irish
- Ethnic neighborhoods were the center of social
life for immigrants - Acted as a support system, a place to talk in
native language, discuss experiences, home, etc. - It was a cultural bond that helped immigrants
survive - Some immigrants began hyphenating their
nationalities - Italian-American, Irish-American
17Americanizing the Immigrants
- Once in the US, immigrants were expected to give
up their own culture Americanize - Theories on how to Americanize the Immigrants
- Assimilation Immigrants should quickly learn
English adopt American culture - Melting Pot Theory Immigrants would gradually
blend in with American culture combine the best
qualities of other cultures - Blend American other cultures to create a new
type of culture - Cultural Pluralism Each culture should practice
its own customs respect each other - However, the fastest way to American immigrants
was through their children
18Schools
- Were the fastest way to Americanize immigrants
- Children adjust to new things faster than adults
- Lesson were taught in English, in turn, the
children would go home teach their parents - In order to make the children more American,
teachers would change foreign sounding names to
American sounding names
19Urbanization
- Definition The rapid growth of cities
- People moving to the cities at a very fast pace
- In 1840, there were 131 cities in the US by
1900, there were 1700 American cities - Causes
- 2nd Industrial Revolution
- Immigration
- Reasons People Moved to the City
- Employment for skilled unskilled laborers
- Farmers moved to the cities because their jobs
had been replaced with machines - Excitement
- Restaurants, theatres, libraries very different
from small town life
20Problems in Urban Society
- Due to the rapid growth of the city, naturally,
problems arise - Overcrowding
- Increase in crime rise in gang activity
- Movie Gangs of New York
- Poor water quality sanitation
- Raw sewage dumped into river, streams lakes
that provided drinking water (YUCK!!)
21Living Conditions
- Many immigrants found themselves living in slums
- Slums Poor neighborhoods made up of tenement
houses - Tenement Houses Low income housing for
immigrants - Poorly constructed, no sanitation, not kept up,
very bad conditions, often 4-5 families in 1
tenement - Sometimes called railroad flats
- Row Houses Rows of tenement houses built close
together
22The Great Chicago Fire of 1871
- Burned for 29 hrs.
- 300 dead
- 3 sq. miles destroyed
- 17,500 bldgs. destroyed
- 100,000 left homeless
- 1874 Sprinkler system invented
23Division of American Society
- Americans began to divide into classes based on
wealth social standing - Could tell what class you were by where you lived
- Upper Class People who made great fortunes,
such as monopolists - Lived in large mansions with servants, collected
art, held lavish parties, etc. - Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt
- Lived in the city
- Middle Class Modest income comfortable living
situations - Teachers, managers, shop-keepers etc.
- Conservative, politely mannered patriotic
- Lived on the outskirts of the city (suburb)
- Working Class Paid poor wages lived in the
slums - Immigrants, unskilled laborers
- Often, the entire family had to work to pay
expenses - Lived outside city, near rail yards other
undesirable places
Working Class
Middle Class
Wealthy Class
24Women
- The role of women differed between the classes
- Upper class women often planned parties fell
into traditional roles - Middle class women took part in civic activities,
like their wealthy counterpart, but some worked
as teachers - Working class women had to work to help the
family survive - Worked in mills factories helped on farm
still did womens work when they came home at
night!
25Jacob Riis
- Wrote How the Other Half Lives
- Focused on life in a working class neighborhood
family - Exposed problems in lower class areas, such as
housing pay
26Reform Movements
- People wanted to help those less fortunate
- Many people felt they had a social obligation to
help the poor - Many organizations will be created to help
immigrants working class families - Social Gospel Movement Promised religious
salvation by serving the poor - If you help the poor, you will go to heaven
- Built churches in ethnic neighborhoods
27Settlement Houses
- Privately run neighborhood centers that provided
services to the poor - Education, English classes, day/child care,
health care etc. - Promoted culture, education etc
- Established in the slums ethnic communities
- Jane Addams established Chicagos Hull House in
1889 to assist the large immigrant population - Very successful
- Offered a variety of courses from English
Civics, sewing other skills to basic city
survival tips
28IMMIGRANT.--Can I come in?UNCLE SAM.--I 'spose
you can there's no law to keep you out.
29Rise of Nativism
- Not everyone is happy to help immigrants the
poor - Nativists favored native-born white Americans
- Feared large number of immigrants would ruin the
United States - Wanted immigrants to pass literacy exams to gain
the right to vote - President Cleveland said voting is based on
opportunity, not ability - However, no change for African Americans women
- Supported lobbied for legislation that would
restrict immigration from the wrong countries - Wrong Countries were stagnant Latin America,
Asia, Slavic - Right Counties were successful Germany,
Scandinavian
30Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
- Asian immigrants were the most noticeable
different - So duh, they are discriminated against the most
- Banned all Chinese laborers for 10 years
- Supported by labor unions
- Renewed every 10 years until WWII
31The Yellow Peril
- In 1905, the Japanese defeated the Russians in
the Russo-Japanese war - This scared the US to death the fact that a
little tiny county could defeat a very large
country - Excessive fear of Japanese brought on by the
Russo-Japanese War - Japanese were not allowed to own land, attend the
same schools as other children etc. - This treatment angered those in Japan
- The Gentlemans Agreement Japan voluntarily
limited immigration to the US