Goal 5.01: Immigration

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Goal 5.01 Immigration Urbanization1870 - 1914

• Introduction
• Immigration
• Immigrant
• Push Factor
• Pull Factor
• Old Immigrants
• New Immigrants
• Jews
• Traveling to America
• Ellis Island, NY
• Angel Island, CA
• Settlement of Immigrants
• Religious Pluralism
• Culture Shock
• Americanizing the Immigrants
• Schools
• Urbanization
• Reasons to Move to the City
• Problems with Urban Society

• Reform Movements
• Social Gospel Movement
• Settlement Houses
• Jane Addams
• Rise of Nativism
• Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
• Yellow Peril
• Gentlemans Agreement, 1907
• Political Machine
• Boss Tweed
• Tammany Hall
• Thomas Nast
• The Gilded Age
• Patronage
• Merit System
• James Garfield
• Stalwarts
• Charles Guiteau
• Chester A. Arthur, 1881 1885

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5.01 NC Competency Goals

• 5.01 Evaluate the influence of immigration and
  rapid industrialization on urban life..
• Student Objectives
• By the end of this chapter, students will be able
  to
• Compare contrast the different groups of people
  who immigrated to the United States - why they
  immigrated the problems they experienced
• Evaluate the impact of urbanization
• Analyze the effect of immigration rapid
  industrialization on urban life
• Explain how immigrants contributed to American
  life
• Evaluate the role of local governments
  determine the effects of political machines
• Analyze the effectiveness of legislation passed
  to decrease the amount of corruption in
  government

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Introduction

• Immigration to the US increased during the late
  1800s
• Immigrants helped make the United States the
  diverse society it is today
• The rapid growth of cities created new problems
• Poor living conditions, overcrowding,
  pollution
• Political corruption on all levels of
  government will lead to reform
• Many of these reforms paved the way for how
  government is run today

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Immigration

• Movement of people from one country to another,
  permanently
• Immigrant Person who moves from one country to
  another, permanently
• Between 1820-1920, over 33 million people
  immigrated to the USA
• There are many reasons why someone might leave
  their homeland for another
• Push Factor Reasons that push someone to leave
  their homeland
• Pull Factor Reasons that pull someone to
  another country

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Push Pull Factors of the 1800s

• Push Factors
• Irish Failed potato crop famine, cultural
  persecution by the English (1840s-1850s)
• Germans Economic depression political unrest
  (1840s-1850s)
• Scandinavians Poverty, shortage of farmland
  (1870s-1900s)
• Italians Poverty shortage of farmland
  (1880s-1920s)
• Jews from E. Europe Political oppression
  religious persecution poverty (1880s-1920s)

• Pull Factors
• Chance to have a better life
• Religious political freedom
• More jobs with good pay
• Streets are paved with gold
• Everyones dreams come true in America
• Land
• Education
• Free from fear of violence

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European Immigrants

• How Many 20 million
• Before 1890
• Old Immigrants
• From North West Europe
• England, France
• After 1890
• New Immigrants
• From South East Europe
• Balkans, Italy, Austria
• Where Settled
• Most on the East Coast
• Some to the Midwest

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Asian Immigrants

• Japanese

• Chinese

• How Many 200,000 by 1920
• Treated poorly
• Gentlemens Agreement
• Japan voluntarily limited immigration to the USA
• Where Settled
• West Coast (California)

• How Many 300,000 by 1890
• Work
• Transcontinental Railroad
• Manual unskilled labor
• Chinese Exclusion Act
• Prohibited all Chinese laborers from entering the
  country for 10 years b/c of job competition
• Where Settled
• West Coast

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Mexican Immigrants

• How Many 200,000 by 1910
• National Reclamation Act
• Encouraged immigration to the West to open new
  farm land
• Gets more people farming in the West
• Where Settled
• Southwest
• Arizona, Texas, New Mexico S. California

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Russian Jews

• The Jews were leaving Russia in large numbers due
  to religious political persecution

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Coming to America

• Most immigrants traveled by steamship
• From Europe 1 week
• From Asia 3 weeks
• Traveling conditions were very bad
• Overcrowded, unsanitary, no air, lice, no toilets
  or running water, often kept in cargo holds

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Welcomed by the Statue of Liberty, many
immigrants felt relief excitement, eager to
begin their new lives

• Give me your tired, your poor,
• Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
• The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,
• Send these, the homeless, tempest- tost, to me,
• I lift my lamp beside the golden door

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Ellis Island, NY

• Immigration inspection station on the East Coast
• Processed most European immigrants
• Processing could take hours, maybe a day or two
• Physical Exam Contagious home
• Documentation Check
• Literacy Exam
• Ability to Work
• 25 Good Luck
• Processed 200,000 million immigrants
• 1905 11,000 processed per day

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Angel Island, CA

• Immigration station on the West Coast
• Processed most Asian immigrants
• Processing could take days or weeks
• Immigrants kept in awful conditions
• Filthy worn down
• Detainees rioted in 1919, protested the bad
  conditions treatment they received
• Harsh questioning long detentions

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Religious Pluralism

• Refers to the many different religions immigrants
  bring to the US
• Irish Catholic
• Asian Buddhist
• Russian Jewish, Orthodox

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! Culture Shock !

• Confusion resulting from living in a culture
  different from your own
• Many immigrants suffered from this as many
  American customs were different than their own
• Immigrant customs were found to be strange,
  weird, scary or dangerous by American standards

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Ethnic Communities

• Immigrants with a common background living in the
  same neighborhood
• Chinatown, Little Italy, the Irish
• Ethnic neighborhoods were the center of social
  life for immigrants
• Acted as a support system, a place to talk in
  native language, discuss experiences, home, etc.
• It was a cultural bond that helped immigrants
  survive
• Some immigrants began hyphenating their
  nationalities
• Italian-American, Irish-American

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Americanizing the Immigrants

• Once in the US, immigrants were expected to give
  up their own culture Americanize
• Theories on how to Americanize the Immigrants
• Assimilation Immigrants should quickly learn
  English adopt American culture
• Melting Pot Theory Immigrants would gradually
  blend in with American culture combine the best
  qualities of other cultures
• Blend American other cultures to create a new
  type of culture
• Cultural Pluralism Each culture should practice
  its own customs respect each other
• However, the fastest way to American immigrants
  was through their children

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Schools

• Were the fastest way to Americanize immigrants
• Children adjust to new things faster than adults
• Lesson were taught in English, in turn, the
  children would go home teach their parents
• In order to make the children more American,
  teachers would change foreign sounding names to
  American sounding names

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Urbanization

• Definition The rapid growth of cities
• People moving to the cities at a very fast pace
• In 1840, there were 131 cities in the US by
  1900, there were 1700 American cities
• Causes
• 2nd Industrial Revolution
• Immigration
• Reasons People Moved to the City
• Employment for skilled unskilled laborers
• Farmers moved to the cities because their jobs
  had been replaced with machines
• Excitement
• Restaurants, theatres, libraries very different
  from small town life

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Problems in Urban Society

• Due to the rapid growth of the city, naturally,
  problems arise
• Overcrowding
• Increase in crime rise in gang activity
• Movie Gangs of New York
• Poor water quality sanitation
• Raw sewage dumped into river, streams lakes
  that provided drinking water (YUCK!!)

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Living Conditions

• Many immigrants found themselves living in slums
• Slums Poor neighborhoods made up of tenement
  houses
• Tenement Houses Low income housing for
  immigrants
• Poorly constructed, no sanitation, not kept up,
  very bad conditions, often 4-5 families in 1
  tenement
• Sometimes called railroad flats
• Row Houses Rows of tenement houses built close
  together

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The Great Chicago Fire of 1871

• Burned for 29 hrs.
• 300 dead
• 3 sq. miles destroyed
• 17,500 bldgs. destroyed
• 100,000 left homeless
• 1874 Sprinkler system invented

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Division of American Society

• Americans began to divide into classes based on
  wealth social standing
• Could tell what class you were by where you lived
• Upper Class People who made great fortunes,
  such as monopolists
• Lived in large mansions with servants, collected
  art, held lavish parties, etc.
• Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt
• Lived in the city
• Middle Class Modest income comfortable living
  situations
• Teachers, managers, shop-keepers etc.
• Conservative, politely mannered patriotic
• Lived on the outskirts of the city (suburb)
• Working Class Paid poor wages lived in the
  slums
• Immigrants, unskilled laborers
• Often, the entire family had to work to pay
  expenses
• Lived outside city, near rail yards other
  undesirable places

Working Class
Middle Class
Wealthy Class
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Women

• The role of women differed between the classes
• Upper class women often planned parties fell
  into traditional roles
• Middle class women took part in civic activities,
  like their wealthy counterpart, but some worked
  as teachers
• Working class women had to work to help the
  family survive
• Worked in mills factories helped on farm
  still did womens work when they came home at
  night!

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Jacob Riis

• Wrote How the Other Half Lives
• Focused on life in a working class neighborhood
  family
• Exposed problems in lower class areas, such as
  housing pay

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Reform Movements

• People wanted to help those less fortunate
• Many people felt they had a social obligation to
  help the poor
• Many organizations will be created to help
  immigrants working class families
• Social Gospel Movement Promised religious
  salvation by serving the poor
• If you help the poor, you will go to heaven
• Built churches in ethnic neighborhoods

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Settlement Houses

• Privately run neighborhood centers that provided
  services to the poor
• Education, English classes, day/child care,
  health care etc.
• Promoted culture, education etc
• Established in the slums ethnic communities
• Jane Addams established Chicagos Hull House in
  1889 to assist the large immigrant population
• Very successful
• Offered a variety of courses from English
  Civics, sewing other skills to basic city
  survival tips

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IMMIGRANT.--Can I come in?UNCLE SAM.--I 'spose
you can there's no law to keep you out.
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Rise of Nativism

• Not everyone is happy to help immigrants the
  poor
• Nativists favored native-born white Americans
• Feared large number of immigrants would ruin the
  United States
• Wanted immigrants to pass literacy exams to gain
  the right to vote
• President Cleveland said voting is based on
  opportunity, not ability
• However, no change for African Americans women
• Supported lobbied for legislation that would
  restrict immigration from the wrong countries
• Wrong Countries were stagnant Latin America,
  Asia, Slavic
• Right Counties were successful Germany,
  Scandinavian

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Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

• Asian immigrants were the most noticeable
  different
• So duh, they are discriminated against the most
• Banned all Chinese laborers for 10 years
• Supported by labor unions
• Renewed every 10 years until WWII

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The Yellow Peril

• In 1905, the Japanese defeated the Russians in
  the Russo-Japanese war
• This scared the US to death the fact that a
  little tiny county could defeat a very large
  country
• Excessive fear of Japanese brought on by the
  Russo-Japanese War
• Japanese were not allowed to own land, attend the
  same schools as other children etc.
• This treatment angered those in Japan
• The Gentlemans Agreement Japan voluntarily
  limited immigration to the US