During 1970s' 1980s'

1
During 1970s' - 1980s'
2
Introduction

• Brief Background of Afghanistan
• The Cause of the Crisis
• Events
• The Outcome

3
Afghanistan

• Capital City Kabul
• August 19,1919 regained full independence from
  Great Britain over its foreign affairs
• 1921 Soviet-Afghan treaty
• Joined in UN in 1946
• 1973, Muhammad Daud Afghanistan a republic
  founded
• 1978 Communist rule (-1992) in the hands of PDPA
  (The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan)

Bolsheviks and King Amanullsh had a mutual
antipathy for the British.
4
PDPA

• Definition (source www.answers.com)
• Afghan Marxist Political party
• Also called Democratic Party of the People of
  Afghanistan
• Ideology
• Marxist, with strong Leninist tendencies. (after
  1978)
• Two factions
• By 1965, split into two factions
• Khalq (People) faction led by Nur Mohammad Taraki
  and Hafizullah Amin
• The Parcham (Flag) faction, led by Barbrak
  Karmal.

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Change in Rulers

• In 1973, Muhammad Daud becomes president.
• 1978- the two factions of the PDPA united to
  stage a coup.
• Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan was assasinated
• PDPA leader Noor Muhammad Taraki became President
• 1979 Taraki was killed
• Hafizulla Amin became a president

I feel the happiest when I can light my American
cigarettes with Soviet matches."
6
Events (Saur Revolution)

• Began in April 1978
• In July 1978, cancelled categories of peasant
  debt
• In November, expropriation of large landholdings
  and their redistribution among landless peasants
• Womens right
• National education program was initiated
• When Amin held the power, Soviet attempt to
  reduce his power.
• Decmber 1979, the USSR staged its invasion,
  sending in tens of thousands of troops.
• Immediately removed Amin from power and
  established Babrak Karmal

Babrak Karmal
7
The Role of UN

• On 14 April 1988, Afghanistan, Pakistan, USSR and
  the U.S signed Agreements on the Settlement of
  the Situation Relating to Afghanistan under U.N
  auspices.
• ?
• USSR withdraws its forces.
• On April 1988 Secretary-General Javier Perez de
  Cuellar set up a mission to moniotor the
  withdrawal of foreign forces - the United Nations
  Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan
  (UNGOMAP)
• The United Nations Food and Agriculture
  Organization (FAO) estimated that the area under
  agricultural cultivation in Afghanistan fell by
  40 between 1979 and 1991.
• In 1989, UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR and WFP cooperates
  to help develop the country.

• Early in 1980, the Security Council met to
  consider the Soviet intervention
• 1980 Jan 10-14, the matter was taken up in the
  General Assembly
• Adopted the first of a series of Situation in
  Afghanistan resolution.
• Called for withdrawal of all foreign forces,
  asked States to contribute Humantarian assistance
• Asked the Secretary-General to keep it informed
  of developments