The 1980s

1
The 1980s
2
Dealing with the Soviet Union

• Policy of containment
• More aggressive approach towards dealing with
  the Soviet Union
• First Reagan accepted the
• possibility of working with the
• Soviet Union in the interests
• of peace.

3
Reduce Nuclear warheads

• 1982-Reagan and Soviet Union began strategic
  arms reduction talks
• -reduce each countrys nuclear warheads by one
  third
• 1985-Fireside Summit in Geneva
• 1987-Washington Summit

4
Star Wars

• 1983 Reagan delivered a national televised
  speech proposing the Strategic Defense Initiative
  (SDI) to protect the United States from Soviet
  missiles.
• Media called this plan Star wars

http//www.youtube.com/watch?v2U8cHjCBDFc
5
The Outcome

• Arms race
• 30 Billion dollars
• The U.S economy was able to support all of the
  spending and building
• The Soviet Union economy was unable to support
  the spending economy collapsed.

6
Collapse of the Soviet union

• The liberalization of the people led to some
  nationalist movements that caused ethnic disputes
  
• More pressure was put on Gorbachev to give
  greater freedom to the people
• The Soviet Union was renamed Russia, and Russia
  now had the control of its nuclear weapons. It
  marked the end of a Marxist Leninist govt. The
  only two countries with this type of government
  were Cuba and North Korea

7
Collapse of the Soviet Union continued

• The Soviets underestimated the degree to which
  non Russian ethnic groups would resist being
  assimilated into a Russian State
• Additionally their economy was devastated from
  the fact that they used a ton of money to compete
  with the United States in a nuclear arms race.
  The people were not happy about this
• Third the people did not like communism and never
  truly adopted it in their hearts
• When Gorbachev decided to finally let the people
  speak their minds they let out a ton of pent up
  anger, demanding change immediately

8
Presidents part one

• Jimmy Carter
• Created two new departments the department of
  education and the department of energy
• Won a Nobel peace prize for solutions to
  international conflicts, and promoting human
  rights

9
Presidents part two

• Ronald Reagan
• Well known for his significant improvement of the
  economy, popularly known as Reaganomics
• His defense policies contributed to the downfall
  of the Soviet Union
• He is ranked as one of the most popular
  presidents of all time

10
Presidents part three

• George HW bush
• Was dedicated to lowering the national debt
• Signed many bills helping the environment and
  promoting cleaner air
• Tried to run a second time but was defeated by
  bill Clinton

11
Reaganomics
Source University of Connecticut/various
government websites
12
The Economic Problems

• The inflation creep of the 1970s had resulted in
  an enormous increase in tax burden through
  bracket creep.
• Social security tax and Medicare had also
  increased the personal tax burden.
• According to Boston College economist Barry
  Bluestone, 31 million jobs had been destroyed
  between 1978 and 1982.
• Fully one-third of all private sector jobs that
  existed in 1978 had disappeared by 1982.

13
What Reagan FacedDefense Issues

• Defense spending had declined from 9.6 of GNP in
  FY1962 to 5.5 of GNP in FY1981, a decline of
  43.
• More of the defense spending in 1981 was directed
  toward salaries and pensions than in 1962.
• CIA reports showed that defense expenditures in
  the Soviet Union were twice as high (as a percent
  of output) than U.S. defense expenditures,
  implying that the U.S.S.R. was spending 45 more
  on defense than the U.S.
• Reagans solution..Reaganomics

14
What is Reaganomics?

• Based off of supply-side economics, Reaganomics
  sought to stimulate the economy through tax cuts
  and deregulation. The idea was to provide heavy
  income tax cuts to the wealthy, enabling them to
  invest in companies and create businesses/jobs.The
  government began to eliminate federal
  regulations on things such as drilling for oil
  and gas, as well as restrictions on coal mining.
  By reducing governmental interference and
  controlling the money supply there would be an
  explosion of economic growth.

15
Reagans FY1982 Budget Proposal
Reagans Proposal ERTA (What He Got)
1 30 cut in personal taxes 25 cut in personal marginal tax rates
2 Accelerated depreciation for capital in business Got it!
3 9 increase in defense spending per year for 5 years Got it!
4 50 billion cut in non-defense spending in 1982, growing to 100 billion in 1986 No!
5 Additional cuts of 30 billion in 1983, 40 billion in each of the next 3 years No!
6 Indexing of personal exemptions and brackets, starting in 1985
7 Elimination of the marriage penalty
16
All of the following were part of Reaganomics
EXCEPT
A. cuts of benefits from Medicare and Social
Security to seniorsB. a dramatic reduction in
personal income taxesC. deregulation of business
and industryD. tough stand against federal labor
unionsE. the theory of supply-side economics
17
Results

• Despite the tax cuts of 1981, federal tax
  revenues nearly doubled in the Reagan years.
  (Washington Times, 8/25/1992)
• Real inflation-adjusted manufacturing output rose
  to its highest point of the post-WWII period.
• In 1989, capital goods production was 38 of
  total manufacturing production, as compared with
  1967 when it was 28.
• In 1989, exports of capital goods were 45 of
  total capital goods production, compared to 20
  in 1967.

18
Results

• Domestic-based manufacturing employment fell from
  20.3 million in 1980 to 19.2 million in 1990, a
  decline of 6, probably as a result of
  productivity gains.
• U.S. exports of manufacturing goods grew by 90
  between 1986 and 1992

19
Results

• The U.S. raised its share of the worlds
  manufacturing exports from 14 in 1987 to 18 in
  1991.
• In 1990, the U.S.s share of world manufacturing
  exports was the same as in 1975.

20
Results

• More than 18 million new jobs were created in the
  1980s in the U.S.this was more than Japan,
  Britain, and Germany combined.
• 82 of the jobs created were high-pay, high-skill
  managerial and technical positions. 12 were
  low-skill service jobs.
• While real wages declined from 11.41 per hour in
  1978 to 10.02 per hour in 1990, workers total
  compensation increased as workers demanded
  increased benefits.

21
Results

• The tax breaks and deregulation only "trickled
  down" to reach the upper and middle-class
  citizens and, due to the cuts in social welfare
  programs and the like, the very poor suffered and
  grew poorer. On the other hand, the income of the
  very rich more than doubled during the 1980s due
  to the largest reduction of taxes. Additionally,
  the decline of power of labor unions led to
  decreased wages.

22
Results
U.S. Real Income Growth, 1983-1989 U.S. Real Income Growth, 1983-1989
Quintile Real Income Growth
Lowest 20 11.1
Second 20 10.1
Third 20 10.7
Fourth 20 11.6
Highest 20 18.8
23
Was Reaganomics successful in stimulating the
economy?

• In a very narrow sense, yes, the policy of
  Reaganomics did stimulate the economy in lowering
  the unemployment rate (7 to about 5) as well as
  the inflation rate (10 to 4) however, the
  public debt rose to 2.6 trillion dollars from
  less than a trillion and caused a lot of other
  problems as well. The lack of deregulation caused
  the savings and loan industry to collapse under
  fraud and mismanagement and the failures in the
  airline industry increased prices for consumers.

24
Woman Fashion

• Madonna
• Lace
• Big tops
• Leggings
• Big hair

25
Aerobics
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vYh_XgYuCZ28
26
Tanning
27
Men Fashion

• Big Pants
• Big Shirts
• Big hair (mullets)

28
MTV

• Started in 1981
• Big impact on the Music industry
• -Music
• Slogans I want my MTV http//www.youtube.com/wa
  tch?v9tkpoeF9a2s

29
Cable TV

• ABC, NBC, CBS
• 1985 68 of all American Household had cable
• Soap operas (Guiding light)
• Full house (1987-1995)
• The Crosby Show
• Golden Girls
• Happy Days

30
Popular Movies

• The Breakfast Club
• Rain Man
• E.T
• Back to the Future
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v
• dkX8J-FKndE

31
Sports

• Michael Jordan- Air Jordan received his
  nickname from the dunks he preformed from the
  free throw line
• Averaged almost thirty points per game
• Wowed everyone with his ability
• Widely considered to be the best player to live
• Brand of Air Jordans

32
Sports

• US Hockey underdogs defeat the Soviets during the
  Cold War
• Source of pride for the Americans
• A blow against communism
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vn2VVCRJ-688
• Movie Miracle on Ice

33
Sports

• Wayne Gretzky began his career in 1979 and
  reached his prime during the 1980s
• Called the Great One
• The hockey equivalent of Michael Jordan
• Known for Gretzkys Office behind the net
• Gretzky captured nine Hart Trophies as the most
  valuable player, ten Art Ross Trophies for most
  points in a season, five Lady Byng Trophies, five
  Lester B. Pearson Awards, and two Conn Smythe
  Trophies as playoff MVP.
• Also four Stanley Cup Championships during this
  time
• www.youtube.com/watch?vXFX0dVXNDXw

34
Compact discs

• The first device that could store large amounts
  of information
• By 2007 over 200 billion have been sold

35
The Internet

• Was a small scale Computer Network, however the
  average person could add to it
• As people continued to add to it, it became what
  is known as the modern Internet

36
Windows operating system

• Started out as a simple set of software and items
  such as a calculator, calendar, card file,
  clipboard viewer, clock, control panel, notepad
  and a primitive word processor known as write
• Obviously became very successful over time

37
First cell phones

• First commercially available cell phone was
  introduced by Motorola
• It was dubbed the brick because it weighed 2
  pounds
• It had just ½ hour of talk time per charge
• It cost 3995
• It could not do anything except talk

38
CNN

• First news story was about seven people dying
  from food laced with potassium cyanide
• Its sensational stories have made it extremely
  popular
• Second most popular news network - behind yahoo
  news

39
Disposable contacts

• Created because people found them more
  comfortable than wearing glasses
• Even people with the eye problems managed to use
  them with little discomfort
• Very popular with people who think they are ugly
  when wearing glasses

40
Human genome project

• International project to figure out the sequence
  of chemical base pairs which encode humans
• There are approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes in
  the human body
• They have found that only about 8 are relative
  and individual, the other 92 are standard in
  every human. So we are all 92 the same and only
  8 different
• The Supreme Court has ruled that it is possible
  to patent gene sequences because it is possible
  to make a manmade bacteria. Therefore it is
  possible for corporations or people to own the
  very sequence of genes that make up the human
  body

41
Just say no

• A movement in the eighties and early nineties
  which was created to stop children from
  participating in recreational drug use

42
Medicare

• The governments Health Care System that is
  different from privatized Health Care in the
  sense that it does not manage individual risk
  portfolios
• Many people are critical of the Medicare program
  due to the fact that it costs I and wonderful
  check this out boy the way extreme amount of
  money to the taxpayers
• The republicans often oppose this govt program
  as it benefits people of lower income levels more
  than people of higher income levels, they say it
  takes peoples initiative away and they will just
  try to get the govt to pay for their laziness
  and unwillingness to save money
• Democrats say it is necessary because many poor
  people would die without this program

43
Drug use in the 1980s

• In 1985 1/3 Americans reported that they had
  tried or used marijuana at some point in their
  lives
• It was estimated in the 1980s that crack was more
  of a problem than alcohol despite the fact that
  many more people were abusing alcohol than crack
• President Reagan signed the anti drug abuse act
  of 1986. This imposed a minimum sentence for
  people using drugs, including marijuana

44
The Vietnam memorial

• It receives around three million visitors each
  year
• It holds about 58,000 names on it
• It is described as a wound that is closed and
  still healing
• Some call it a wall of shame because the U.S.
  Is often criticized for not finishing the war

45
The Exxon Valdez Oil spill

• An oil tanker with 119,000 meters cubed of crude
  oil struck a reef as it was traveling to
  California
• This was the largest oil spill in history, before
  the 2010 deep water horizons spill caused by BP
  Which released 780,000 meters cubed of crude oil
  
• It is ironic because this reef was about the
  worst place to dump crude oil in terms of habitat
  destruction
• It was also ironic because the titanic incident
  set a standard for all ships to have monitoring
  equipment that could detect large objects in the
  way of ships
• Exxon Valdez spent two billion dollars to clean
  up the spill and another one billion to settle
  charges
• The spill affected the wildlife of Alaska so much
  that one former mayor of a town near this spill
  commit suicide

46
Sandra day Oconnor

• First female supreme court justice
• It was controversial because the people thought
  she would not be as good of the judge as the man
• She quoted that because the job of a judge is to
  be impartial she would just be following the job
  description
• Cartoon is on page 1050 of textbook, yes its is a
  little blurry.