Energy Conservation in India during the changing scenario

1
Energy Conservation in India during the changing
scenario
2
EMERGENCE OF PCRA
? 1973 Oil crisis world over
?
? Aug78 Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) under MOPNG
3
Goal of PCRA
To excel as a centre of "Integrated Energy
Solution Provider"
4
PCRA's Strategy

• Intensive education campaign for attitudinal
  changes among masses.
• Information dissemination and capacity building.
  
• RD activities.

5
Objectives

• Create awareness among masses
• Promote research, development and deployment
• Establish synergistic institutional linkages
• Provide training and technical advisory services
• Information dissemination of fuel efficient
  technologies
• Function as a think tank for the Govt. of India

6
Global Primary Energy Reserves

• Coal
• Global Coal reserve 9.8 billion tonnes
• US has largest share 25.4, followed by Russia
  (15.9)
• India 8.6

• Oil
• Global Oil reserve 1047 billion bbls
• Saudi Arabia has largest share 25,
• India 5.5 bn bbls

• Gas
• Global Gas reserve 156 TCM
• Russia has largest share 30,
• India 760 bcm

7
CRUDE PRICE FLUCTUATIONS
8
Petrol and Diesel Prices in Delhi
9
Availability of conventional energy sources
(India)
Coal Lignite
Oil
Natural Gas
Electricity
10
Renewable Energy Potential and Achievements in
India
Sources/ Technologies
Units Potential
Achievements

2002-03
Wind Power MW 45,000 1870
Small hydro power (upto 25 MW) MW 15,000 1,510
Biomass power MW 19,500 483
Biomass gasifiers  MW 16,000 53
Biomass cogeneration  MW 3,500 350
Urban and Industrial waste based power MW 1,700 26
Solar photovoltaics(SPV) MW/km2 20 121 (MW)
Solar water heating million m2 collector area 140 0.70
Biogas plants million 12 3.5
Improved biomass chulhas (cookstoves) million 120 35.2
11
ENERGY MIX PATTERN
12
Sectoral consumption of Primary Energy
Sectoral Consumption of Energy (350 MMtoE)
100
Others (14) 49 MMtoE
Domestic (10) 35 MMtoE
80
Agriculture (5) 17.5 MMtoE
Transport (22) 77 MMtoE
60
40
Industry (49) 171.5
MMtoE
20
0
1
13
Energy Conservation

• Energy consumption, Economic growth and
  Population are interlinked
• GDP growth in past five decades 4.9 average
• during 92 - 96 6.7
• during 97 00 6.1
• in 2003 around 8.4

• Population crossed 1 bn in 2000
• Growth in population in last three decades 2.1

14
Energy Scenario

• TPES kept pace with population growth
• 147 MMtoE in 1970 crossed 500 MMtoE in
  2004

• Commercial energy share in TPES
• 41 in 1970 70 in 2004

• Dominance of non-commercial energy in rural
  India
• Energy Intensity
• 3.7 times of Japan
• 1.55 times of US
• 1.47 times of Asian average
• 1.5 times of World average

15
Energy Supply in India

• Coal
• India is fourth largest producer
• Coal offtake 353 MMT
• Consumers Power 75 Industry 24

• Oil
• Consumption 115 MMt Production 32.8 MMt
• Sectoral consumption
• Transport 53
• Domestic 18
• Industry 17

• Gas
• Demand 120 MMSCMD Production 68 MMSCMD
• Sectoral Consumption
• Power 40, Fertiliser 34, Industries
  16

16
Energy Supply in India

• Electricity Generation
• 5.32 L GWh
• Sectoral contribution
• Thermal 83, Hydel 12, Wind Nuclear
  3.5

• Percentage share of Natural Gas in Electricity
  Generation 7
• It may go upto 15 by 2030 (by IEA)

• Consumption
• 3.39 L GWh
• Industry 34, Domestic 24.5, Commercial 7

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Share Of Non-commercial Energy
1953-54 1980-81
2001-02 2011-12 Share
71 52
32 23..5 Mtoe
64.13 108.48
139.02 170.25

• The decreasing share of non-commercial energy
  indicates increasing URBANISATION /
  INDUSTRIALISATION
• The data indicate that the rural population in
  India continues to rely on traditional
  biomass-based fuels (fuel wood, crop residues,
  and animal dung) for meeting its energy needs.
• The rural populace constitutes nearly 70 of the
  population in India and 96 of the rural
  households use bio-fuels, primarily for cooking.
• During the year 2001 02 the fuel wood
  consumption in India was 223 million tonnes and
  the consumption of animal dung and agro-waste was
  estimated at 130 million tonnes

18
Global Primary Energy Consumption by fuel (in
MMtoE)
19
Per Capita Energy Consuption
20
Estimated Energy Demand for India
21
Energy Availability from Upsream end
       
At consumer end the energy pattern is different
TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
  COAL 48 MMTOE                   ELECTRICITY
30 MMTOE                 OIL GAS 126 MMTOE    
For Other Sector uses 48 MMTOE (97 MMT)
Coal Consumption 188 MMTOE (380 MMT)
For Power Generation 140 MMTOE (283 MMT)
After TD loss of 30 3.5 LGWH 30 MMTOE)
4.20 LGWH
Total 5LGWH
Hydro / Nuclear / Wind Energy 0.75 LGWH (22
MMTOE)
0.75 LGWH
0.05 LGWH
For Power Generation 14 MMTOE
Oil Gas Consumption 140 MMTOE
For Primary uses 126 MMTOE
TOTAL 350 MMTOE
TOTAL 204 MMTOE
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Potential for Energy Saving

• Total Energy Consumption 350 MMTOE
• Total foreign exchange outgo Rs.110,000 crores
  per annum.
• Oil Gas Consumption 140 MMTOE
• Potential for saving Energy 15
• Total Energy Saving Potential 50 MMTOE
• Money Equivalent Rs.50000 Crores(_at_ Rs.10000/
  ton)

Hence the need for Conservation
23
MOPNG Conservation

• Oil and Gas are major sources of energy. At
  production level it accounts for 42 .
• Oil accounts for major portion of import bill.
• More than 70 of demand met through imports at
  substantial cost.
• Foreign Exchange outgo of approx. Rs.110,000/-
  Crores and will increase further in year 2004-05.
• Limited Reserves.
• Bigger scope for RD to develop fuel efficient
  products / processes/devices
• Efficient Management and usage of gaseous fuels
  like CNG/LNG/CBM
• By the initiative of MOPNG, setting - up of
  Ministerial Committee for integrated energy
  conservation policy.
• Global competitiveness through energy
  efficiency.
• Conservation is imperative for MOPNG the
  Country

24
Sectoral Approach
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRY
AGRICULTURE
PCRA
DOMESTIC
TRANSPORT
25
Industrial Sector

• 1985-2004
• Energy Audits FODSSSIs conducted ? 11883
  24594 follow-ups
• Institutional Training Programs organized ? 1388
• PCRA is the organization having capabilities to
  perform Energy Audits in various types of
  Industries and sizes all over the country and in
  such large numbers at flexible rates.
• During 2003-04
• Energy Audits FODS SSI 850
• Energy Audits of 84 Pumping Stations OF MCD.
• Energy audit for 61 units including 14 Dairy
  Plants, 32 Chilling Units 9 Cattle Feed Plants
  of M/s Amul Dairy, Gujarat.
• Energy Audit of 62 hand tool industries in
  Jalandhar for UNIDO
• 35 commercial buildings
• Savings realized through Energy Audits 70276
  KLOE - Rs.78 Crores

26
Transport Sector

• 1985-2004
• Model Depot Project Studies ? 1696
• Driver Training Programmes ? 4014
• Drivers Trained ? 71000
• Increase in KMPL in STUs 4.1 to 4.61
• PCRA is the only organization which conducts
  Driver Training Programs ( KMPL improvement ) in
  organized unorganized sector in a structured
  way.
• During 2003-04
• Work Order placed by BEST to train 15000 drivers
  other technical personnel.
• DTPs for 26 Dealers Network of M/s Eicher
  Tractors all over the country.
• Training for 750 Drivers on payment basis for
  MCD.
• MDP of 25 BEST depots in Mumbai on payment
  basis.
• Savings realized through PCRAs efforts 33676
  KLOE Rs.58.93 Crores

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Domestic Sector

• OBJECTIVES
• Education on -
• Good cooking habits
• Good driving habits
• Youth Programs
• Fuel Efficient BIS marked Kerosene / LPG stoves
  and lighting appliances.
• Use of alternate sources of energy i.e. LNG, LPG,
  BIOFUELS, SOLAR etc.
• Youth Programmes (1999-2004) ? 8237
• LPG Clinics including workshops(1985-2004) ? 17021
  
• Two wheeler womens rallies (2003-2004) ? 13
• Savings realized 115757 KLOE Rs.137 Crores
  (during 2003-04)

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Agriculture Sector

• 1985-2004
• The activities under the Agriculture Sector
  include Promotion of BIS marked Fuel Efficient
  Lift Irrigation Pumpsets and Footvalves,
  Rectification / Replacement of Non BIS LIP Set
  and Footvalves with BIS make and setting up
  Demonstration Centres.
• Rectification of LIPs Footvalves ? 30212
• Demonstration Centres ? 411
• Van Publicity ? 3537
• During 2003-04
• In Nov.2003, an Agriculture survey scheme
  involving rural school children has been
  launched. 400 students participated in the scheme
  and surveyed 2032 farmers to collect data for
  rectification plan.
• Saving Realized 338 KLOE - Rs.0.60 Crores

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Integrated Energy Conservation Strategy -
Conclusions

• To meet the energy needs of all segments in most
  efficient and
• cost effective manner with long-term
  sustainability
• Provision of clean and affordable energy through
  decentralized
• energy service providers
• Ensuring security of Energy Supply
• Map all energy resources in view of choices,
  efficiencies and cost effectiveness
• Commercially driven goal oriented and
  decentralized RD efforts
• Energy Plans for unforeseen emergencies

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Integrated Energy Conservation Strategy -
Conclusions

• Improving the efficiency of Energy System
• Empowered regulatory authorities
• De-linking the social function of subsidy
  provision from energy pricing decisions
• Institutionalization of Information System,
  Communication and Education Program

• Reduction of adverse environmental impacts
• Development of environment friendly technologies
• Exploiting opportunities through upcoming
  international treaties e.g. Kyoto etc.
• Establishment and enforcement of appropriate
  environmental standards

31
Indian Growth Scenario

• 1. There are two indicators pointing to the
  fact that India is already on a path of growth
  and development
• One is that the energy intensity of India (for
  the year 2001) is the same as in OECD Countries,
  when GDP is calculated in terms of Purchasing
  Power Parity (PPP).
• Energy GDP elasticity, which is the ratio of
  the growth rate in energy to the growth rate in
  GDP has been continuously decreasing since the
  mid-seventies from the steady value of 1.3 for
  the previous two decades. Electricity-GDP
  elasticity which was as high as 3.0 in the mid
  sixties has also been decreasing and in 1991-2000
  was 1.213 for the same period the primary
  energyGDP elasticity has come down to 0.907.

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Increasing Use of Non-Conventional Energy

• Today, India has perhaps the only Ministry of
  Non-Conventional Energy Sources in the world.
• The country has the largest solar energy
  program, the second largest biogas and improved
  cook stoves program and the fifth largest wind
  power program in the world.
• The renewable energy sources have begun to
  emerge as an attractive option, sometimes the
  only one, to provide light and power to areas too
  remote for grid electrification.
• Promotion of renewable energy sources is an
  integral component of the countrys strategy for
  sustainable development.

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Conclusion

• Energy consumption is an indicator of any
  countrys prosperity
• Conservation doesnt mean No use of energy
  rather it indicates
• Efficient utilization of Energy
• One unit of energy saved at end-use is equivalent
  to Four units of Energy at upstream end

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Thank you