I' butschlii

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I. butschlii

• Diagnostic features of cysts in wet preparations
• Round to slightly oval
• Size 10-12uM
• One indistinct nucleus (best seen in
  permanent stain)
• No peripheral chromatin
• No chromatoid bodies
• One large glycogen vacuole that stains dark
  brownish purple with iodine (basis for the genus
  name)

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I. butschlii cyst iodine wet mount
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I. butschlii

• Diagnostic features of trophs in permanent stains
• Size 6-25uM
• Shape variable, blunt pseudopods
• No nuclear peripheral chromatin
• Huge dense karyosome occupying about one half of
  intranuclear space
• Karyosome round lobed vs blot-like
• Achromatic granules surrounding karyosome giving
  cell a basket nucleus appearance (very
  difficult to discern)
• Chromatin spokes radiating from karyosome like
  E. histolytica (very difficult to discern)

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I.butschlii trophs trichrome
Trichrome Fe hematoxylin
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I. butschlii

• Diagnostic features of cysts in permanent stains
• Size 6-15 micrometers
• Nuclear Characteristics
• one nucleus, morphology same as troph
• Cytoplasm
• Single large sharply demarcated unstained
  glycogen vacuole
• No chromatoid bodies

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I. butschlii cysts - trichrome
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Pathogenic flagellates (Mastigophora)

• Pathogens
• Giardia lamblia (G. intestinalis)
• Trichomonas vaginalis
• Non-pathogens
• Chilomastix mesnili
• Trichomonas hominis

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Focus on pathogens Giardia lamblia

• Facts / life-cycle transmission of cysts by
  simple fecal-oral means, usually in drinking
  water contaminated by inadequate sewer systems.
  G. lamblia is carried by many mammals, so human
  or animal feces could be the source of
  contamination. Hikers, etc. are often affected
  by this organism via contaminated stream water.
  Multiplication is by binary fission of trophs in
  the small intestine. Trophs encyst in the small
  intestine are excreted in formed stools (109
  cysts/day/person) . Giardia cysts are highly
  resistant in the environment some degree of
  chlorine resistance.

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Focus on pathogens Giardia lamblia

• Epidemiology Giardia has a worldwide
  distribution causing some 108 cases annually
  worldwide. It is considered the 1 most common
  intestinal parasite in the U.S. Via the CDC, the
  organism causes 20K cases per year in 46 of 50
  states 10 of recreational water 16 of
  drinking water associated intestinal parasite
  infections. Hot spots Russia, India, Rocky
  Mountains (why?). Day care centers are said to
  be common hot spots. Via USC parasitology

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