A Project Presentation

1

• A Project Presentation
• On
• WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
• Presented
• By
• Aruleba, Olakunle Michael (102237612)

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Content

• Introduction
• Overview of the IEEE 802.16 Standard
• Application
• Physical layer
• MAC Layer
• WIMAX versus Wi-Fi
• Conclusion
• References

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Introduction

• The acronym WiMAX stands for Worldwide
  Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is
  based on IEEE 802.16 standard.
• IEEE 802.16 is the IEEE standard for Wireless
  Metropolitan Area Network (Wireless MAN).
• It specifies the air interface for fixed,
  portable, and mobile broadband wireless access
  (BWA) systems supporting multimedia services.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Introduction

• WiMAX aims to provide wireless broadband services
  with a target range of up to 31 miles at a
  transmission rate exceeding 100 Mbps.
• It is also to provide a wireless alternative to
  cable, DSL and T1/E1 for last mile access.
• The term IEEE 802.16 and WIMAX are used
  interchangeably.
• WiMAX is to IEEE 802.16 what Wi-Fi is to IEEE
  802.11

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Overview of the IEEE 802.16 Standard

• Designed for point-to-point (PTP) and
  point-to-multipoint (PTM) topologies but mainly
  deployed for point to multipoint topologies. It
  also support mesh topologies.
• In PTM a base station (BS) services many
  subscriber stations (SS) which are mounted
  outdoors.
• IEEE 802.16 has three major versions
  802.16-2001, 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16-2005.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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IEEE 802.16-2001

• Addresses fixed line of sight connections and
  operates in the licensed frequency range between
  10 GHz and 66 GHz.
• At these high frequency range there are more
  available bandwidth and reduced risk of
  interference.
• Has a maximum coverage of 5km.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)

• Designed to operate in lower frequency range
  2-11 GHz.
• Support Non-line of sight (NLOS) operation.
• Operates in both licensed (3.5 GHz) and
  unlicensed (5.8 GHz).
• Operates with a range of up to 50km and data
  rates of up to 75Mbps.
• It is the most supported version of the standard
  by vendors.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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IEEE 802.16-2005(802.16e)

• Support mobility and will standardize networking
  between fixed base stations and mobile devices.
• Would enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary
  for communications with users moving at vehicular
  speeds which is below 100km/h.
• It will provide a symmetric (up and down) bit
  rates of 70Mbps.
• operate in the frequency range between 2-6 GHz.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Applications

• To provide a wireless alternative to cable, DSL
  and T1/E1 for last mile access especially in
  areas where wire broadband access are absent.
• Serves as E1/T1 replacements for small and medium
  size businesses.
• Provide residential wireless DSL for broadband
  Internet at home.
• It can be used as wireless backhaul for Wi-Fi
  hotspot and cellular companies.
• Operators/carriers can use it as a backup
  backbone.
• It can be used in disaster recovery scenes where
  the wired networks have broken down.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Applications
Figure 1 WiMAX Applications 2
WiMAX (IEE 802.16)
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Applications

Figure 2 WiMAX Applications 5
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Physical layer

• IEEE 802.16-2001
• Designed for line-of-sight propagation because
  the frequency range is between 10-66 GHz.
• single-carrier modulation is used and the air
  interface is called WirelessMAN-SC.
• In PTM architecture, the BS transmits a TDM
  signal, with individual subscriber stations
  allocated time slots serially. While access in
  the uplink direction is by Time-division Multiple
  Access (TDMA).
• uses both time division duplexing (TDD) and
  frequency-division duplexing (FDD).

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Physical layer

• IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)
• Design for the 2-11 GHz range and is more complex
  because of interference.
• Three air interfaces are specified for this
  range, which are
• Wireless MAN-SC uses single carrier modulation
• Wireless MAN-OFDM uses a 256-carrier FDM.
  Provides multiple access to different stations
  through TDMA. (Most adopted by vendors)
• Wireless MAN-OFDMA uses a 2,048-carrier OFDM
  scheme. Provides multiple access by assigning a
  subset of the carriers to an individual receiver

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Physical layer
Table 1 Physical Layer Features 5
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Physical layer

• IEEE 802.16-2005 (802.16e)
• The main technologies used for its physical
  layer are OFDMA and an improved version called
  Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA).
• OFDMA is required in the implementation of
  802.16e and also for the certification of 802.16e
  devices.
• SOFDMA scales the number of sub-carriers in a
  channel with possible values of 128, 512, 1024,
  and 2,048.
• OFDMA and SOFDMA also benefit fixed broadband
  service because carriers can allocate spectrum
  more efficiently and reduce interference.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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MAC Layer

• It is connection oriented and supports quality of
  service.
• It uses a slotted TDMA protocol scheduled by the
  base terminal station to allocate capacity to
  subscribers.
• Supports both Time Division Duplex (TDD) and
  Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and, also Half
  Duplex-FDD.
• supports quality of service (QoS) for stations
  through adaptive allocation of the uplink and
  downlink traffic.
• It also supports different transport technologies
  such as IPv4, IPv6, Ethernet, Asynchronous
  Transfer Mode (ATM) and any future protocol not
  yet developed.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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MAC Layer
Table 2 MAC Layer Features 5
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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WIMAX versus Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.16 versus 802.11)

• WiMAX was designed to replace the last-mile
  wired-broadband access networks while Wi-Fi was
  created for providing services into LAN networks.
• At the PHY layer, WiMAX channel sizes ranges from
  1.75 MHz to 20 MHz while Wi-Fi based products
  require at least 20 MHz for each channel.
• Wi-Fi uses the CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple
  Access with Collision Avoidance) which is not an
  efficient protocol. The MAC layer in WiMAX has
  been designed to scale from one to up 100s users
  within one RF channel.
• In WiMAX, the base station assigns a QoS class to
  each connection. In 802.11, QoS was not
  considered in the early stage of its
  implementation.
• WiMAX supports many transport technologies, such
  as ATM, IPv4, and IPv6 which are not supported by
  Wi-Fi.
• WiMAX has the ability to support longer range
  transmission from 2 to 40 kilometers. While
  802.11 was designed for low power consumption
  which limit the coverage to hundreds of meters.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Conclusion

• WiMAX will no doubt be a viable alternative to
  DSL and cable connections.
• It has changed the scene of wireless broadband by
  standardizing an industry which provides
  proprietary solutions.
• There have been more than 150 commercial trials
  and WiMAX network deployments that have taken
  place worldwide.
• In January 2006, Samsung revealed its WiMAX
  enabled M8000 handset, which connects directly to
  WiMAX base stations through 802.16e. 2
• Most of the frequency range where WiMAX can
  operate is really congested and most have been
  allocated to carriers and other users.
• WiMAX mobile version, may face serious
  competition from IEEE 802.20 mobile broadband
  technology and 3G cellular systems.
• It will have stiff competition with already
  establish broadband access technology such as DSL
  and cable modem.
• The Mobile version (802.16e) is not compatible
  with the fixed version (802.16d) which has slow
  down the release of WiMAX equipment into the
  market by vendors.
• WiMAX is the future of wireless broadband access
  technology.

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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WiMAX is the future!!
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References

• 1 Eklund, C. Marks, R.B. Stanwood, K.L.
  Wang, S.IEEE standard 802.16 a technical
  overview of the WirelessMANTM air interface for
  broadband wireless access, Communications
  Magazine, IEEE, Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s)98
  107, June 2002
• 2 Abichar, Z. Yanlin Peng Chang, J.M.
  WiMax The Emergence of Wireless Broadband,
  ITProfessional, Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s)44
  48, July-Aug. 2006
• 3 H. Córdova ¹, P. Boets ¹ L. Van Biesen ¹,
  Insight Analysis into WI-MAX Standard and its
  trends, white paper, www.zdnet.com, April 2005
• 4 Ghosh, A. Wolter, D.R. Andrews, J.G. Chen,
  R. Broadband wireless access with WiMax/802.16
  current performance benchmarks and future
  potential, Communications Magazine, IEEE, Volume
  43, Issue 2, Page(s)129 136, Feb 2005
• 5 IEEE 802.16a Standard and WiMAX Igniting
  Broadband Wireless Access, white paper, WiMax
  forum, www.wimaxforum.org, May 2004.
• 6 Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, Achieving
  wireless broadband with WiMax, Computer IEEE
  journal, Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s)10 13,
  June 2004
• 7 Intel, Orthogonal Frequency Division
  Multiplexing, White papers, 2004
• 8 IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area
  Networks Part 16 Air Interface for Fixed
  Broadband Wireless Access Systems, Page(s)0_1
  857, 2004
• 9 Scalable OFDMA Physical Layer in IEEE 802.16
  WirelessMAN, Intel Technology journal, Volume
  08, Issue 04, Page(s) 201-212, 2004
• 10 Richardson, Michael and Ryan, Patrick S.,
  "WiMAX Opportunity or Hype?", ITERA, 2006
  Available at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract892260
  

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Thank You
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
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Questions
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)