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Skeletal Muscle

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Prime mover or agonist (leader)- The muscle that causes an action ... (triangular); latissimus (wide); teres (round); trapezius (like a trapezoid) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Skeletal Muscle


1
Skeletal Muscle
  • Skeletal muscle is attached to bone on each end
    by tendons.
  • Insertion
  • More movable attachment.
  • Origin
  • Are pulled towards it (fixed point).
  • Surrounded by connective tissues

2
Types of muscles
  • Prime mover or agonist (leader)- The muscle that
    causes an action
  • Antagonist (ant against), relaxes while the
    prime mover contracts.
  • Most movements also involve muscles called
    synergists, which help the prime mover function
    more efficiently by reducing unnecessary
    movement.
  • Fixators stabilizing the origin of the prime
    mover so that the prime mover can act more
    efficiently.

3
Skeletal Muscle
4
Naming skeletal muscles
  • Most skeletal muscles have names that describe
    some feature of the muscle. The following are
    some terms relating to muscle features that are
    used in naming muscles.
  • Size vastus (huge) maximus (large) longus
    (long) minimus (small) brevis (short).
  • Shape deltoid (triangular) latissimus (wide)
    teres (round) trapezius (like a trapezoid).
  • Direction of fibers rectus (straight)
    transverse (across) oblique (diagonally)
    orbicularis (circular).

5
Naming skeletal muscles
  • Location pectoralis (chest) gluteus (buttock or
    rump) brachii (arm) supra- (above) infra-
    (below) sub- (under or beneath) lateralis
    (lateral).
  • Number of origins biceps (two heads) triceps
    (three heads) quadriceps (four heads).
  • Origin and insertion sternocleidomastoideus
    (origin on the sternum and clavicle, insertion on
    the mastoid process) brachioradialis (origin on
    the brachium or arm, insertion on the radius).
  • Action abductor (to abduct a structure)
    adductor (to adduct a structure) flexor (to flex
    a structure) extensor (to extend a structure)
    levator (to lift or elevate a structure)
    masseter (a chewer).

6
Apneurosis - A sheetlike fibrous membrane,
resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a
fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of
connecting muscle to bone.
Facial expressions
Mastication
frontalis
neck
7
Facial expressions
Mastication
Neck
8
Neck superior to hyoid bone
Neck inferior to hyoid bone
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Thorax and shoulder - superficial
Thorax and shoulder - deep
Abdominal muscles
12
External intercostal Origin - lower border of a
rib within an intercostal space Insertion -
upper border of the rib below (muscles of quiet
breathing) Internal intercostal Origin - upper
border of a rib Insertion - lower border of rib
above
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back and shoulder muscles
Back muscles
Scapula rotators
Rotator cuff
15
Abdominal muscles
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Action on the elbow - flexors
Pronators
Action on the hand - flexors
18
Action on the elbow - extensors
Action on the hand - extensors
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