Territorial Expansion

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Territorial Expansion
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Motivations to go West

• Birth rate and immigration huge population
  increase
• Competence out west by owning land
• Transportation revolution (and telegraph)
• Possibly increasing trade in the Pacific.
• Panic of 1837 (and depression until 1843)
• 1844 US claimed Oregon.
• Manifest Destiny --John OSullivan in 1845
• Texas becomes a state 1845-6

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Mr. Polks War 1846-1848(Mexican-American War)
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Where did they go?
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Santa Fe Trail(Thanks to Mr. Polk)
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UtahMormons established Salt Lake City in 1846
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Californiagold in 1848
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Problems with Expansion

• Anxiety within established communities
• Would pioneers lose their civilization?
• War (like the Mexican-American)
• Increased sectional conflict
• The South feared Northern conspiracies and the
  North feared the Slave Power and King Cotton.

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Fear of diversification (miscegenation)
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Donner Party

• 1846
• 2,500 miles over the Sierra Nevadas
• Lansford Hastings new shortcut.
• The Forlorn Hope 14 left 10 returned
• 81 in the party 46 lived

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• ''The picture of distress was shocking indeed.
  They had consumed two children of Jacob Donner.
  Mrs. Graves's body was lying there with almost
  all the flesh cut away from her arms and limbs.
  Her breasts were cut off, her heart and liver
  taken out. Her little child, about 13 months old,
  sat at her side, one arm upon the body of its
  mangled mother, sobbing bitterly, crying, 'Ma!
  Ma! Ma!' ''

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Compromise of 1850

• Henry Clay The Great Compromiser
• Resolutions
• California became a free state
• Territorial governments to be established in New
  Mexico and Utah. Border with Texas settled.
• Popular Sovereignty
• Revision of the Fugitive Slave Act

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Results of Compromise

• Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Northern hostility.
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Repealed Missouri Compromise
• Instituted Popular Sovereignty

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Kansas two capitols and severalconstitutions
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Bleeding Kansas

• Sack of Lawrence
• Border Ruffians vs. Beechers Bibles
• John Brown
• Pottawatomie Creek

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Bleeding Sumner

• Charles Sumner Senator Mass.
• The Crime Against Kansas
• Andrew Butler of South Carolina
• Preston Brooks

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Dred Scott

• 1857
• Chief Justice Roger Taney
• African Americans had no legal rights because
  they were not citizens.
• Politics over jurisprudence