INTEGAIRE

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INTEGAIRE FINAL CONFERENCE
Seville 17-18 February 2005
PROF. V. J. CORTES MONICA LUPION I.I. OZONE A
DIFFICULT CHALLENGE
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GENERAL OVERVIEW

• OZONE IS THE PRIMARY INGREDIENT OF PHOTOCHEMICAL
  SMOG, A TYPE OF AIR POLLUTION DERIVED FROM
  SUNLIGHT-DRIVEN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• OZONE HAS POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ON THE
  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CAN AFFECT BOTH FORESTS
  AND AGRICULTURAL CROPS
• POLLUTION EVENTS WITH HIGH OZONE ARE ASSOCIATED
  WITH SUNSHINE AND WARM TEMPERATURES ABOVE 30C

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OZONEA BASIC CHEMISTRY
NO2 SUNLIGHT O2
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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE VOC/NOX RATIO
LOW VOC/NOX
HIGH VOC/NOX
VOC REDUCTION EFFECTIVE
NOX REDUCTION EFFECTIVE
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EU PERSPECTIVE
DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC RELATING TO OZONE IN AMBIENT
AIR
RELEVANT OZONE CONCENTRATIONS
(1) NOT TO BE EXCEEDED ON MORE THAN 25 DAYS PER
CALENDER YEAR AV. OVER 3 YEARS
(2) WITHIN A CALENDER YEAR
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OZONE EXCEEDANCES IN EUROPE
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ARTICLE 7 DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC
REQUIREMENTS FOR SHORT-TERM ACTION PLANS
STAPs

• IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL FOR
  REDUCING RISK, DURATION OR SEVERITY OF ANY
  EXCEEDANCE OF OZONE THRESHOLDS
• GRADUATED, COST-EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO CONTROL
  AND, WHERE NECESSARY, REDUCE OR SUSPEND
  ACTIVITIES MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC, INDUSTRIAL
  PLANTS
• DESIGN OF STAPs INFLUENCED BY GEOGRAPHICAL AND
  METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

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THE EFFICIENCY OF STAPs

• NORDIC COUNTRIES WOULD NOT NEED TO PREPARE STAPs
• AS NO RISK OF ANY EXCEEDANCE IS IDENTIFIED
• NORTH-WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES HAVE
  A NEGLIGIBLE ADDITIONAL POTENTIAL FOR REDUCING
  RISK OF EXCEEDANCES
• AS EXCEEDANCES ARE DISMINISHING
• WHERE STAPs HAVE SHOWN RESTRICTED REDUCTION
  RESULTS
• MEDITERRANEAN CITIES/REGIONS CAN PROFIT FROM
  STAPs
• AS NO DOWNWARD TREND IN PEAK VALUES IS OBSERVED
• WHERE SPECIFIC OZONE REGIMES ARE OBSERVED HIGH
  RECIRCULATION
• BUT REGIONAL STRATEGIES MORE EFFICIENT THAN LOCAL
  ONES

SOURCE GUIDANCE FOR IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVE
2002/3/EC EU COMMISSION
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SEVILLE PERSPECTIVE
ALERT THRESHOLD EXCEEDANCES 2000-2004
ARTICLE 7 TO BE IMPLEMENTED
INFORMATION THRESHOLD EXCEEDANCES 2004
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STAP FOR SEVILLE PRELIMINARY ACTIONS 1
O3 MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION (µg/m3) STUDY CASES
VOC SENSITIVE
NOX SENSITIVE
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STAP FOR SEVILLE PRELIMINARY ACTIONS 1
O3 MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION (µg/m3) STUDY CASES
TRANSITION AREA
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STAP FOR SEVILLE PRELIMINARY ACTIONS 2
APPROACH NEURAL NETWORK TO ESTIMATE AND PREDICT
OZONE CONCENTRATION LEVELS
ARTICLE 6 DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC
INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC ABOUT ACTUAL OR
PREDICTED EXCEEDANCES OF OZONE THRESHOLDS
NEURAL NETWORK
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NEURAL NETWORK MODEL RESULTS
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CONCLUSIONS

• NO DOWNLOAD TREND IN OZONE VALUES IS OBSERVED IN
  SOUTHERN EUROPE
• EURO 4 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITS (01/2005)
  WILL CERTAINLY CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBAL REDUCTION OF
  CONCENTRATION OF PRECURSORS
• LOCAL/TEMPORARY MEASURES, MOSTLY TRAFFIC RELATED,
  HAVE A VERY LIMITED EFFECT
• IF A VOC-SENSITIVE REGIME EXISTS, LOCALLY LIMITED
  MEASURES MAY RESULT IN HIGHER OZONE PEAKS

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• THE DESIGN OF A STAP REQUIRES A THOROUGH
  KNOWLEDGE OF THE SITUATION IN THE AREA TO BE
  COVERED
• A PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF THE PROCESSES INVOLVED IS
  HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
• THE AVAILABILITY OF AN ADEQUATE OZONE FORECASTING
  MODEL PROVIDES A USEFUL TOOL TO EVALUATE REMEDIAL
  ACTIONS WITHIN A STAP

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