integrated urban governance and air quality management in europe

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integrated urban governance and air quality
management in europe
Integrated urban governance and Air Quality
management in Europe WP5 by E. Negrenti -
ENEA
Venice October 2002 Integaire Meetings
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1 Work plan overall activity

• Development of a strongly integrated model and
  appropriate tools that link air quality science
  and technology to the need of the policy end user
  at the urban level
• Facilitate identification of RTD gaps and future
  RTD priorities in urban air quality management
  and urban governance to assist the development of
  the new research agenda

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2. ENEA and INTEGAIRE
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2.1 ENEA Tasks

• Co-ordination of WP5 (6 MM)
• Participation in WP3 (Thematic Strategy), WP4
  (Urban Governance), WP6 (Legislation) (1 MM in
  each)

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2.2 ENEA Team

• E. Negrenti (Energy Dept)
• A. Agostini (Energy Dept.)
• V. Sachero (Env. Dept)
• G. Zanini (Env. Dept)
• G. Valenti (Energy Dept)
• F. Monforti (Env. Dept)
• Common background participation in many
  FP3-4-5 Projects on Transport and related Impacts
  - management of framework activities between ENEA
  and the Environment Min.

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3. LU and TR Planning in Italy
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3.1 Activities funded by the Environment Ministry

• Development of DSS for urban mobility
• Testing of new Traffic Management measures (Car
  Sharing, shared taxi, mobility manager, car free
  days.)
• Modelling and monitoring of key transport related
  pollutants (PM10, PAHs, benzene)
• New city logistics for goods distribution

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3.2 Other lines of action for LUTR

• Urban mobility plans
• Traffic urban plans
• Pedestrianisation of urban centres
• Shift to rail transport (e.g. Rome and Naples)
• Extended Parking Pricing

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4. WP5 TASKS
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4.1 WP 5 AQ, land and transport planning main
objective and partners

• Aimintegration of air quality concerns into
  general urban planning, infrastructure plans,
  challenges of co-operation at regional and
  inter-regional levels on air quality monitoring
  and management
• Lead ENEA
• Main Partners role preparation of basic
  dicussion docs. for preparatory meetings and
  active participation in workshops.
  Co-responsible for workshop reports Eurocities,
  UWE, Bristol, ACCESS, Malmö, Leipzig, Sevilla,
  Utrecht

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4.2 WP5 Planned actions (red means in
progress) 5.1 (RR Research of References)
Collection of studies, papers, Sites, Conferences
acts on key areas for INT WP5 5.2 (Q)
Questionnaire to local authorities (for the
identification of Issues and Topics for the FR,
exchange of best practice, testing of new
measures, characterisation of approaches,
problems and needs) 5.3 (ROResearch Offer) Tools
Methods being offered by RD projects for
improving AQ through LTP, new modelling and
monitoring techniques, less polluting fuels
etc 5.4 (DA) Presentation of the state of the
art, debate and agreement among the participants
on barriers to the implementation of sustainable
Land Use and Transport Planning 5.5 (FP6)
Identification of research areas for FP6
(Gaps) 5.6 (N) Networking with AQ community (EC
Projects, CAFE etc.)
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4.2.1 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning

• Task 5.1 RESEARCH OF REFERENCES (Collection of
  studies, papers, sites, conference info..)
• from European Commission WGs on sustainable land
  use and transport
• from LUTR cluster of projects (e.g. ASTRAL)
• from Projects directly involved in the INTEGAIRE
  domain of interest (e.g. ISHTAR Project)
• gtgtgtgtgt Actions done list from Zanini, input
  from Valenti complete list before Athens WS

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4.2.2 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning

• Task 5.2 Questionnaire to local authorities
• Objective to characterise
• Local environmental issues,
• Tested strategies against pollution,
• Initiatives being planned
• Monitoring and modelling tools available
• Difficulties in implementing RD results
• Wishes for research contribution in future
• .Issues and Topics for the Final Report !
• gtgtgtgt Actions done 9 replies received, summary
  of first 7 drafted by Sachero (see section 6)

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4.2.3 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning

• Task 5.3 DEFINITION OF RESEARCH OFFER (Tools
  Methods being offered by RD projects for
  improving AQ through LTP)
• TM available at cities, by ENEA, by other
  INTEGAIRE partners (TNO, NILU, UWE)
• Expectations of cities for improving monitoring
  and modelling techniques
• Identification of gaps between offer and demand
  (input for task 5.5 in view of FP6)
• gtgtgtgtgt Actions done limited (identification of
  possible outcomes from projects where ENEA is
  involved)

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4.2.4 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning

• Task 5.4 Presentation of the state of the art,
  debate and agreement among the participants on
  barriers to implementation of sustainable Land
  Use and Transport Planning
• gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt so far a lot of preliminary debate
  for the definition of issues and topics. In
  near future the agreement of IT and the debate
  on the concrete guidelines to define for each
  topic will start !

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4.2.5 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning

• Task 5.5 Identification of research areas for
  FP6
• gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt Cities, scientists, decision
  makers have to agree strategies (including RD
  efforts) for improving Sustainable LUTR Planning
  (better SW and HW tools, harmonised powers,
  increased environmental awareness and technical
  solutions)
• Actions starting in 2003

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4.2.6 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning

• Task 5.6 networking with AQ community (EC
  projects CAFE.)
• establish links with AQ related projects,
  actions, international initiatives
• gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt actions done Zanini is in CAFE,
  Negrenti is in ISHTAR, HEARTS, ASTRAL cluster

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4.3 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning

• EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PARTNERS
• CITIES are expected to contribute mainly in tasks
  5.2 and 5.4
• SCIENTIFIC PARTNERS will contribute significantly
  in tasks 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6

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5. RD ENEA OFFER
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5.1 Areas of scientific contribution

• 1) Models for the optimisation of urban
  environmental policies (e.g. TEE Transport Energy
  and Environment)
• 2) Models Suite for the integrated environmental
  planning (e.g. EESD ISHTAR Project suite)
• 3) Measurement and modelling techniques for the
  identification of less polluting fuels (e.g. the
  Bologna experience)

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5.1 Advanced Impact Models for Designing and
Assessing Urban Transport Policies

• TEE model being developed at ENEA since 1992 aims
  at an advanced and more accurate estimate of
  transport related consumption and emissions.
  Better estimate means correct design or correct
  validation of actions/measures/policies for urban
  transport systems.
• TEE software has started in 2001 the national
  testing phase. Since March 2002 it is also
  distributed to international test users (UK, FI,
  S, AUS, USA)

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1. MODELLING OBJECTIVES OF TEE MODEL

• Link by link emission calculation
• Flexible kinematics options
• All main factors affecting emissions
• Separated analysis of parking process for higher
  accuracy in cold emissions prediction
• Integration of the micro module (one link - one
  hour) in a year - network framework

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2. THE TEE KINEMATICS FLEXIBILITY

• VARIABLE KINEMATICS APPROACH
• ALLOWS STRATEGIC COUPLING WITH ANY TRAFFIC MODEL
  OR DATA
• AVERAGE SPEED OPTIONS
• SIMPLIFIED CYCLE OPTIONS
• DETAILED SPEED CYCLE OPTION
• KINEMATICS CORRECTION FACTOR APPROACH (DG XII
  ESTEEM PROJECT 1998)

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3. MODELLED FACTORS

• ENGINE TEMPERATURE (COLD FRACTION PERCENTAGE, BY
  LINK)
• ROAD GRADIENT (SLOPE)
• MAINTENANCE LEVEL (PERIOD)
• AGE (REAL VS NORMAL)
• ALTITUDE ABOVE SEA LEVEL
• VEH. FLOWS FROM/TO PARKINGS (for better cold
  emissions distribution estimate)

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4. PARKING PROCESS SIMULATION

• PARKING AND INSERTING FLOWS FOR EACH LINK (P
  AND I MODES)
• CONCENTRATED AND DISTRIBUTED PARKING AREAS
• SPECIFIC SPEED CYCLES FOR VEHICLES ENTERING
  (P-FLOWS) AND LEAVING (I-FLOWS) THE PARKING AREAS
• P DECELL., SEARCH, PARKING INTERVALS
• I WARM UP, EXIT, INSERTION INTERVALS

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5. MODELLING VEHICLES KINEMATICS THE
CORRECTION FACTOR APPROACH

• CONSUMPTIONS AND EMISSIONS ON NETWORK LINKS ARE
  NORMALLY CALCULATED FROM AVERAGE SPEED, BUT LINKS
  WITH THE SAME AVERAGE SPEED CAN SHOW VERY
  DIFFERENT VEHICLE KINEMATICS, AND VERY DIFFERENT
  EMISSIONS AND CONSUMPTION.
• TO CORRECT THE AVERAGE SPEED EMISSION WITH A
  FACTOR INCLUDING THE EFFECT OF SPEED VARIABILITY
  ALONG THE LINK, BASED ON INSTANTANEOUS EMISSIONS
  AND ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LOCAL CYCLE FROM
  AVAILABLE TRAFFIC DATA CAN BE THE SOLUTION
• MODEL DEFINED IN DG XII ESTEEM PROJECT (1998) AND
  DEVELOPED FOR BENZENE UNDER ENVIR. MINISTRY
  CONTRACT IN 2001

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5.2 ISHTAR Advanced Models Suite for
Designing and Assessing Urban Environmental
Policies
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ISHTAR INTEGRATED SOFTWARE FOR HEALTH,
TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY AND ARTISTIC HERITAGE
RECOVERYE. NEGRENTI ENEA
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5.2.1 ISHTAR OBJECTIVE

• OBJECTIVE The aim of ISHTAR Project is to
  build an advanced software suite for the analysis
  of the effects of short term actions and long
  term policies for the quality of the environment,
  citizens health and safety, preservation of the
  artistic heritage.
• Start June 2001 End June 2004

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5.2.2 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES

• Integration of a relevant number of existing and
  newly developed software tools
• Evolution of modelling techniques in crucial
  environmental areas citizens behaviour, vehicle
  emissions, road safety, exposure and health
  effects
• Creation of integrated modules within the overall
  Suite (transport module, direct impacts module,
  dispersion module, overall evaluation module)
• Space and Time total flexibility (from 1 road in
  1 hour to a network in 1 year)

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5.2.3 INNOVATION

• FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT ANALYSIS MODULE (PROBABLY 2
  TOOLS OPEN INPUT OPTION)
• INTEGRATED DIRECT IMPACTS MODULE (EMISSIONS,
  SAFETY, NOISE)
• ADVANCED EMISSIONS SOFTWARE (MORE DATABASES,
  VEHICLES KINEMATICS, PARKING PROCESS,
  EMISSIONS DISTRIBUTION)
• CITIZENS BEHAVIOUR MODULE
• INTEGRATION OF HEALTH AND MONUMENTS DAMAGE

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Main INPUT data
OUTPUT
5.2.4. The ISHTAR Suite
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5.3 Measurement and modelling techniques for the
identification of less polluting fuels

• Research activity funded by the Italian Envir.
  Ministry and performed by ENEA (Co-ordination by
  G. Zanini - ENEA Bologna)

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5-3 1BOLOGNA granulometrie del particolato
aerosospeso in massa
Dae
Dae
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5.3.2 Bologna 5-11/2/2001
Dae
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5.3.3 Bologna 22-28/5/2000
0.5
Dae
Dae
Dae
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5.3.4 Bologna contenuto di IPA del particolato
atmosferico
Frazione del particolato con Dae
Frazione del particolato con Dae
Frazione del particolato con Dae
Frazione del particolato con Dae
90
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Section 6

• Elaboration of WP5 Questionnaires
• by Valentina Sachero

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Considerations

• Open questions? heterogeneous answers
• qualitative/quantitative informations
• Subjective/objective definition of priorities
• Difficult comparison of the results
• BUT
• Specific features highlighted
• Gathering of not codified information (i.e.
  cultural framework and approach)

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Evaluation of the Response
i.e. level of pertinence of answers, of
qualitative/quantitative features, etc.
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Elaboration Approach

• Homogenization of answers
• Focusing on the core of answers
• Focusing on priorities
• Highlighting common features
• Synthesis (work in progress...)
• Classification of answers
• Comparison and quantitative elaboration
• Introduction of indicators

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Example of Homogenization AQ Policies
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Example of Synthesis AQ Policies
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Classification

• Urban Planning
• improving infrastructures (roads and cycling
  network), parking and pedestrian areas
• Transport management
• improving public transport system, car sharing,
  transport telematic systems
• Fuels and means E. F. technologies
• introduction of environmental friendly fuels in
  public transport means, innovative engines,
  bicycles etc.

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Example of Synthesis AQ Policies
A first classification introduced in Q3 has been
expanded
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Further developments

• Increase the number of municipalities involved
  (?)
• Classification of answers for all the
  questionnaire sections
• Elaboration of the synthesis results (graphics,
  statistics...)
• Choice of specific indicators to represent
  correlation phenomena (i.e. AQ monitoring/transpor
  t policy)

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SECTION 7ISSUES AND TOPICS

• BY E. NEGRENTI

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7.1 IT short story

• Discussion started with a list of words
  (elements of interest for cities)
• need of ordering the matter (categorise)
• many input from cities since Bristol mtng
• remarkable proposal from Venice
• WP3L proposal for FR structure basically accepted
• WP5L plan to amend Venice proposal with info
  from IT TNO collection of replies and info
  received with WP5 Qs (also in agreement with
  schemes proposed by WP4-6 leaders)

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7.2 IT problems

• How to categorise IT ? Must Issues be
  homogeneous ? And topics ?
• What is the best size of topics ? Too large
  topics can hardly be briefly discussed too small
  topics imply a huge number of them for covering
  the whole matter !
• Generality some Topics are WP related while
  other are of general interest within INTEGAIRE
• Practicality topics must be subjects on which
  an exhaustive discussion will be possible and a
  guideline-suggestion will be meaningful (lets
  avoid too generic themes)

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Transport related issues (and topics)(areas of
action - split by typology)

• 1) (how to improve) travel demand ? (teleworking,
  tele shopping, car sharing, home delivery,
  taxation regime, regener., education awareness
  gtgtgt EUR and ACC
• 2) (..) traffic management (control transport
  telem., freight transport, area restriction to
  clean vehicles gtgtgt UTR, Mal
• 3) (..) network characteristics offer of
  transport (infrastructures, Transport telematics,
  parking lots, PR, PT enhancement) gtgtgt LEI, Bri
• 4) vehicles fleet emission characteristics (low
  emit.vehicles, electric vehicles, GPL vehicles,
  CH4 veh., hybrid busesgtgtgt DU

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Land Use related Issues (and topics)again
these are areas of possible action

• 5 (LU modification ) (Resid. Areas, pedestr.
  Areas, Regeneration and newly devel. area, LUTR
  relationship..) gtgtgt ACC, Lei, UTR
• 6) How to reduce Residential Emissions (District
  heating, Low emission heating systems, renewable
  energy based systems, energytown planning,.)
  gtgtgt SEV , Ven?
• 7) How to reduce Industrial emissions (topics by
  type of industrial activity)

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Planning tools related issues (and topics)these
are key elements of planning which relate to the
measures defined in issues 1 to 7, but deserve a
separate analysis

• 8) LU transport related models (LU Models,
  traffic models, transport emission models...) gtgtgt
  ENE
• 9) industrial and residential modelling (activity
  models, emission models.) gtgtgt Ven ??
• 10) pollution and exposure modelling (air
  dispersion modelling, population distribution,
  exposure modelling, health effects
  predictions..) gtgt Bri (WP6)
• 11) Measurements (as a support to Planning)
  measurements of traffic parameters, air
  pollution, people exposure.gtgtgtgtgt GOT

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Q WHERE shall we consider the kind of
pollution ?

• The proposed frame assumes that the recognition
  of the pollutants of interest occurs at the
  level of topics (e.g. by suggesting which
  measures are the best for fighting a given
  pollutant)
• BUT a different approach is possible start from
  the definition of pollution (e.g. PM10 NOx)
  and find which issues and topics have to be
  considered gtgtgt this would require some kind of
  top level guidance for entering our IT world
  
• The pilot work on topics selected at Venice
  meeting will be based on the first assumption