Second Declension' Some rules

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Second Declension. Some rules

• How to find out the roots and the stems of these
  nouns?
• Deus, -i puer, -i taurus, -i dominus, -I
• Roots of nouns with ending in us nominative
  without us de(us), de(um), de(os).
• Roots of other nouns nominative form puer.

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What does Tauros celas mean?
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Sentences

• Nauta amat puellam
• The sailor loves the girl
• Equus amat dominum
• The horse loves the master
• Dominus vocat servos
• The master calls the slaves
• Servi fugant equos
• The slaves chase the horses
• Amas puellae
• You love the girls
• Vocamus agricolam
• We call the farmer
• Celo servum
• I hide the slave

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Sentences

• I love the sailor
• Amo nautam
• The sailor loves the girl
• Nauta amat puellam
• The girl loves the horse
• Puella amat equum
• The horse hides
• Equus celat
• You (pl.) call the horse
• Vocatis equos
• The farmers chase horses
• Agricoli fugant equos
• The master loves the slave and the dinner and
  prepares the war
• Dominus amat servum et cenam et parat bellum

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Latin Names

• In the Republican period every Roman had at least
  two names, a praenomen and nomen (forename and
  family name)
• There were a limited range of common praenomen,
  such as Marcus, Quintus, and Lucius because of
  this they are often abbreviated, in these cases,
  M., Q., and L.
• Thousands of family names (called gens) are
  known, most ending in -ius (such as Cornelius,
  Iulius, Aemilius)

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Latin names

• The Roman surname is called a cognomen,
  originally not needed, but as numbers grew it was
  necessary to distinguish between people, and
  these were sometimes initially a nickname, such
  as Scipio (stick) and Cicero(chickpea)
• How these names were given and inherited changed
  over time
• When Latin names are written in English,
  anglicized versions are generally used Vergil
  (for Vergilis), Horace (Horatius), and Ovid
  (Ovidius)

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Names, in the order in which they most frequently
appear on inscriptions
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Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) C. IVLIVS
CAESAR Gaius Julius Caesar Praenomen Nomen
Cognomen
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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Appius Claudius Caecus (c. 340-273 BC)
• The Blind

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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236-183 BC)
• Stick The African

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• Tiberius Sempronius Graccus (186-133 BC)
• Gaius Sempronius Graccus (154-121 BC)

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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Caius Marius (157-86 BC)

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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (138-78 BC)
• the lucky

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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Marcus Licinius Crassus (c. 115-53 BC)
• thick fat

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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (106-48 BC)
• The Great

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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Marcus Iunius Brutus (85-42 BC)
• heavy, dull

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Some famous names of the Roman Republic

• Marcus Antonius (83-30 BC)

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Names of Women (Citizen)

• Women had no praenomen. All female children of
  citizen families were named with the feminine
  form of the clan (gens) into which they were
  born hence, all women whose fathers had the
  nomen Julius were named Julia, and all women
  whose fathers had the nomen Cornelius were named
  Cornelia. In public, they would be identified by
  the possessive form of their father's cognomen
  (e.g., Julia Caesaris, Julia, the daughter of
  Caesar), or husband's cognomen (e.g., Clodia
  Metelli, Clodia, the wife of Metellus ). If
  families had more than one daughter, they were
  distinguished by the words maior and minor
  (elder and younger), or prima, secunda,
  tertia, etc. Sometimes was also added a second
  name.

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Tria nomina some keys

• Tria Nomina Aristocratic Romans in the Republic
  had all three names until late in the Republic,
  non-aristocrats frequently had only the first two
  (e.g., Gaius Marius, Gnaeus Pompeius). The
  praenomina tended to be used again and again in
  families in particular, the first-born son was
  usually named after his father. On inscriptions
  and official documents, the male citizen was also
  usually designated by reference to his paternal
  ancestors and the Roman voting tribe in which he
  was registered (tribus) an indication of the
  voting tribe is proof positive that the man was a
  Roman citizen. For example, the Roman orator
  Cicero registered the birth of his son as
  follows
• M. TULLIUS Marci Filius Marci Nepos
  Marci PRonepos
• CORnelia tribu CICERO
• Marcus Tullius Cicero, the son of Marcus, the
  grandson of Marcus, the great-grandson of Marcus,
  of the Cornelian voting tribe.

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Inscriptions
Praenomina Abbreviations
A. Aulus Ap(p). Appius C. Gaius Cn.
Gnaeus D. Decimus L. Lucius M. Marcus M.
Manius N. Numerius P. Publius Q.
Quintus Ser. Servius Sex. Sextus Sp.
Spurius T. Titus Ti. Tiberius
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Transcription and translation of names.
Inscription from Pompeii. CIL X 832

• M CLAVDIO C F MARCELLO PATRONO
• M(arco) Claudio C(aii) f(ilio) Marcello Patrono
• To Marcus Claudius Marcellus, son of Caius,
  patron (of the city of Pompeii)

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Cases
Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative
Vocative
the subject the direct object the of case,
possession to or for, the indirect
object by, with, or from used for
address, Oh!
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See now how cases of nouns and names work on
Roman inscriptions Epitaph, Rome, 1st century
AD AE 1984, 0073 C(aio) Olio C(ai) f(ilio)
Amoeniano Olius Amoenianus et Flavia T(iti)
fil(ia) Casta parentes Who is doing whom this
gravestone?
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Inscriptions - Abbreviations
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Inscriptions - Abbreviations
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Inscription from Pompeii. CIL X, 931 (12 v. Chr.)

• IMP CAESARI DIVI FIL AVGVSTO
• IMPERATORI XIII TRIB POTESTATE XV PATRI PATRIAE
  COS XI

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Names on Coins
NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P /
POR AVG