Introduction to Biology II

1
Introduction to Biology II

• Biology 1312

Spring 2007
Dr. Brad Hoge
The Chemical Nature Of Life
2
(No Transcript)
3
Basic Chemistry

• Atoms (Elements)
• Protons
• Neutrons
• electrons
• Ions
• Isotopes

4
Periodic Table of the Elements
5
Chemical Bonds

• Molecules (Compounds)
• Ionic bonds
• Covalent bonds

6
Solutions

• Polar Covalent Bonds
• Simple Ions
• Complex Ions

7
Periodic Table of Elements and Their Ions
8
Other Properties of Water

• Cohesion
• Adhesion
• Surface Tension
• Specific Heat
• Specific Gravity

9
Chemical Reactions

• Acid-Base Reactions
• pH
• Buffers
• Ocean
• Blood

10
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Examples
• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Combustion

11
Organic Chemistry

• Carbon

12
Hydrocarbons

• Methane
• Ethane
• Propane
• Butane
• Pentane
• Hexane
• Heptane
• Octane
• Nonane
• Decane

13
Polymers

• Synthetic Polymers
• Natural Polymers
• Functional Groups

14
Carbohydrates

• Simple Sugars
• Glucose
• Complex Sugars
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides
• Starch
• Cellulose

15
Lipids

• Fats
• Oils
• Saturated Fats
• Monounsaturated Fats
• Polyunsaturated Fats

16
Phospholipids

• Phospholipid Bilayers
• Soap

17

• Hormones
• Cholesterol
• Caffeine
• Theobromine

18
Proteins

• Polypeptide Chains
• Amino Acids

19

• Primary Structure
• Secondary Structure
• Tertiary Structure
• Quaternary Structure
• Denaturation
• Enzymes

20
Nucleic Acids

• RNA
• Ribose sugar
• Nucleic acid bases
• Pyrimidines
• Cytosine
• Uracil
• Purines
• Adenine
• Guanine
• DNA
• deoxyribose sugar
• Nucleic acid bases
• Pyrimidines
• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Purines
• Adenine
• Guanine

21
Protein Synthesis

• Codons
• Anticodons
• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)