Documenting Sources: Using APA Format

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Documenting Sources Using APA Format

• A workshop by the Tiffin University Learning
  Center

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Why use APA Format?

• Easily cross reference sources
• Consistent formats help with the writing process
• Gives credit to those who deserve it
• Protects yourself against plagiarism

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Where can you find APA format?

• Publication Manual of the American Psychological
  Association, 5th ed.
• www.apastyle.org
• Keys for Writers 4th ed. by Ann Raimes
• Your professor may require specific guidelines,
  so make sure you ask your professors!

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Four main concerns of APA style

• In-text citations
• Cover page
• Abstract
• Reference page

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What are in-text citations?

• Information provided to the reader in order to
  briefly identify the source later on in your
  reference page.
• Typically authors last name, year, and page(s)
  the information is from all in parentheses
• For example A traumatic response frequently
  entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive
  appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive
  phenomena (Caruth, 1996, p.11).

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When should you use in-text citations?

• When quoting ANY words that are not your own
• Quoting can mean using quotation marks, OR
  repeating another source word for word
• When summarizing facts or ideas
• Take ideas from another source, but using your
  own words, STILL needs to be cited
• When paraphrasing a source

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In-text citation exception

• In-text citations typically follow the quote
  however, there are some exceptions.
• Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response
  frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled
  repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other
  intrusive phenomena (p.11).

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Other in-text citations

• Two or more works in the same parentheses
• (Caruth, 1996 Fussell, 1975 Showalter, 1997).
• Work with six or more authors.
• (Smith et al., 1998).
• No author, use abbreviated title
• Title California Cigarette Tax Deters Smokers
• Citation (California, 1999).
• Reference to a website use HTML
• (www.purdue.edu).

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Cover page

• Papers written in APA style format REQUIRE a
  cover page.
• Cover pages include a running head, page header
  and number, paper title, author, and affiliation
  for sure. Some papers require course number,
  professors name, and due date as well.
• Once again, ask your professor to see what he or
  she may require

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What is a running head?

• An abbreviated title
• Flush against the upper left hand corner of the
  cover page, after the page header and page number
• Typed in all upper case letters

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What is an abstract?

• An abstract summarizes the entire paper to no
  more than one paragraph in length.
• Must be at least half the page
• Follows the cover page, and prior to the first
  page of actual writing
• Has the word Abstract typed at the top center
  of the page
• Can have quotes and in-text citations
• Typically on its own page

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Reference Page

• A list of every source that you use in your paper
• Reference page allows your reader to look up and
  retrieve any source you used
• EVERY source cited in the paper MUST be in the
  reference page
• MUST be in alphabetical order
• HANGING INDENTS!

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Book with one author

• Authors last name, Authors first initial.
  (year). Title. Place of Publication Publisher,
  Page number(s).
• Example
• Wilson, E. O. (1994). Naturalist. Washington
  Island Press, 66-79.
• REMEMBER HANGING INDENT!

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Book with one author group example

• Author Jacob Smith
• Year 2003
• Title On the nature of the psyche
• Publisher Princeton University Press
• Place of publication Urbana
• Page Numbers 92-97

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Answer 1

• Smith, J. (2003). On the nature of the psyche.
  Urbana Princeton University Press, 92-97.

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Book with two or more authors

• Authors last names, first initials. (year).
  Title. Place of Publication Publisher, page
  numbers.
• Example
• Jordan, J. V., Kaplan, A. G., Miller, J. B.,
  Stiver, I. P., Surrey, J.L. (1991). Womens
  growth in connection Writings from the Stone
  Center. New York Guilford Press, p.32.
• REMEMBER HANGING INDENT!

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Book with two or more authors group example

• Authors Chase Crowning, Amber Trent, Matthew
  Sane, Alan Steve Ross
• Year 1978
• Title The handbook of artificial intelligence
• Place of Publication London, England
• Publisher Addison-Wesley
• Page numbers 128,150, 211-234

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Answer 2

• Crowning, C., Trent, A., Sane, M. Ross, A. S.
  (1978). The handbook of artificial intelligence.
  London, England Addison-Wesley, 128, 150,
  211-234.

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Article in a scholarly journal

• Authors last name, first initials. (year,
  month). Title. Journal Title, volume number(issue
  number), page numbers.
• Example
• Kanazawa, S. Still, M. C. (2000, December).
  Teaching may be hazardous to your marriage.
  Evolution and Human Behavior, 2(1), 185-190.
• REMEMBER HANGING INDENT!

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Article in a scholarly journal group example

• Author Richard Ginat
• Year October 2000
• Title The Soviet Union and the Syrian Bath
  regime From hesitation to rapprochement.
• Journal Title Middle Eastern Studies
• Volume Number 36
• Issue Number 2
• Page Numbers 150-171

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Answer 3

• Ginat, R. (2000, October). The Soviet Union and
  the Syrian Bath regime From hesitation to
  rapprochement. Middle Eastern Studies, 36(2),
  150-171.

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Article in a magazine

• Authors last name, first initials. (year, month
  day). Article Title. Magazine Title, volume
  number, page numbers.
• Example
• Levy, S. (2003, April 21). The killer browser.
  Newsweek, 141, 6-12.
• REMEMBER HANGING INDENT!

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Article in a magazine group example

• Author Kurt Miller
• Year August 16, 2000
• Article Title The Victorian Achievement
• Magazine Title Time
• Volume number 13
• Page numbers 23-31

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Answer 4

• Miller, K. (2000, August 16). The Victorian
  Achievement, Time, 13, 23-31.

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Work in an electronic database

• Authors last name, first initials. (Year).
  Article title. Journal title, Volume number, page
  numbers. Retrieved date, from database title URL
• Example
• Goldstein, B.S.C., Harris, K. C. (2000).
  Consultant practices in tow heterogeneous Latino
  schools. The School Psychology Review, 29,
  368-377. Retrieved June 4, 2003, from WilsonWeb
  Education Full Text database http//www.wilsonweb
  education.org

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Work in an electronic database group example

• Author Nathan Alexander
• Year 2006
• Article Title No nuke blackmail
• Journal Natural History
• Volume Number 12
• Page numbers 20-25
• Retrieved date June 12, 2007
• Database title APA Learning Technologies
  Journals
• URL www.apa.org/journals/NH/500NH.html

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Answer 5

• Alexander, N. (2006). No nuke blackmail. Natural
  History, 12, 20-25. Retrieved June 12, 2007, from
  APA Learning Technologies Journals
  www.apa.org/journals/NH/500NH.html

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Newspaper article retrieved from database or Web
site

• Authors last name, first initials. (Year, Month
  day). Article title. Newspaper title. Retrieved
  date, from database title URL
• Example
• Liptak, A. (2003, June 2). Internet battle raises
  questions about the First Amendment. The New York
  Times. Retrieved June 4, 2003, from LexisNexis
  Academic Universe database http//www.nytimes.com
  /2003/06/02/national/02INTE.html

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Newspaper article retrieved from a database or
website group example

• Author Rick McClintock
• Year September 20, 2000
• Article title Cities, youth, and technology
  Toward a pedagogy of autonomy
• Newspaper title National Geographic
• Retrieved date May 30, 2003
• Database title Columbia University Institute of
  Education
• URL http//www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/citi
  es/cyt.html

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Answer 6

• McClintock, R. (2000, September 20). Cities,
  youth, and technology Toward a pedagogy of
  autonomy. National Geographic. Retrieved May 30,
  2003, from Columbia University Institute of
  Education http//www.ilt.columbia.edu/publication
  s/cities/cyt.html